!function(t,e,i,s){function n(e,i){this.settings=null,this.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,i),this.$element=t(e),this._handlers={},this._plugins={},this._supress={},this._current=null,this._speed=null,this._coordinates=[],this._breakpoint=null,this._width=null,this._items=[],this._clones=[],this._mergers=[],this._widths=[],this._invalidated={},this._pipe=[],this._drag={time:null,target:null,pointer:null,stage:{start:null,current:null},direction:null},this._states={current:{},tags:{initializing:["busy"],animating:["busy"],dragging:["interacting"]}},t.each(["onResize","onThrottledResize"],t.proxy(function(e,i){this._handlers[i]=t.proxy(this[i],this)},this)),t.each(n.Plugins,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._plugins[t[0].toLowerCase()+t.slice(1)]=new e(this)},this)),t.each(n.Workers,t.proxy(function(e,i){this._pipe.push({filter:i.filter,run:t.proxy(i.run,this)})},this)),this.setup(),this.initialize()}n.Defaults={items:3,loop:!1,center:!1,rewind:!1,mouseDrag:!0,touchDrag:!0,pullDrag:!0,freeDrag:!1,margin:0,stagePadding:0,merge:!1,mergeFit:!0,autoWidth:!1,startPosition:0,rtl:!1,smartSpeed:250,fluidSpeed:!1,dragEndSpeed:!1,responsive:{},responsiveRefreshRate:200,responsiveBaseElement:e,fallbackEasing:"swing",info:!1,nestedItemSelector:!1,itemElement:"div",stageElement:"div",refreshClass:"owl-refresh",loadedClass:"owl-loaded",loadingClass:"owl-loading",rtlClass:"owl-rtl",responsiveClass:"owl-responsive",dragClass:"owl-drag",itemClass:"owl-item",stageClass:"owl-stage",stageOuterClass:"owl-stage-outer",grabClass:"owl-grab"},n.Width={Default:"default",Inner:"inner",Outer:"outer"},n.Type={Event:"event",State:"state"},n.Plugins={},n.Workers=[{filter:["width","settings"],run:function(){this._width=this.$element.width()}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){t.current=this._items&&this._items[this.relative(this._current)]}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove()}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=this.settings.margin||"",i=!this.settings.autoWidth,s=this.settings.rtl,n={width:"auto","margin-left":s?e:"","margin-right":s?"":e};!i&&this.$stage.children().css(n),t.css=n}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=(this.width()/this.settings.items).toFixed(3)-this.settings.margin,i=null,s=this._items.length,n=!this.settings.autoWidth,o=[];for(t.items={merge:!1,width:e};s--;)i=this._mergers[s],i=this.settings.mergeFit&&Math.min(i,this.settings.items)||i,t.items.merge=i>1||t.items.merge,o[s]=n?e*i:this._items[s].width();this._widths=o}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){var e=[],i=this._items,s=this.settings,n=Math.max(2*s.items,4),o=2*Math.ceil(i.length/2),r=s.loop&&i.length?s.rewind?n:Math.max(n,o):0,a="",h="";for(r/=2;r--;)e.push(this.normalize(e.length/2,!0)),a+=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML,e.push(this.normalize(i.length-1-(e.length-1)/2,!0)),h=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML+h;this._clones=e,t(a).addClass("cloned").appendTo(this.$stage),t(h).addClass("cloned").prependTo(this.$stage)}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(){for(var t=this.settings.rtl?1:-1,e=this._clones.length+this._items.length,i=-1,s=0,n=0,o=[];++ii;i++)t=this._coordinates[i-1]||0,e=Math.abs(this._coordinates[i])+o*n,(this.op(t,"<=",r)&&this.op(t,">",a)||this.op(e,"<",r)&&this.op(e,">",a))&&h.push(i);this.$stage.children(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$stage.children(":eq("+h.join("), :eq(")+")").addClass("active"),this.settings.center&&(this.$stage.children(".center").removeClass("center"),this.$stage.children().eq(this.current()).addClass("center"))}}],n.prototype.initialize=function(){if(this.enter("initializing"),this.trigger("initialize"),this.$element.toggleClass(this.settings.rtlClass,this.settings.rtl),this.settings.autoWidth&&!this.is("pre-loading")){var e,i,n;e=this.$element.find("img"),i=this.settings.nestedItemSelector?"."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector:s,n=this.$element.children(i).width(),e.length&&0>=n&&this.preloadAutoWidthImages(e)}this.$element.addClass(this.options.loadingClass),this.$stage=t("<"+this.settings.stageElement+' class="'+this.settings.stageClass+'"/>').wrap('
'),this.$element.append(this.$stage.parent()),this.replace(this.$element.children().not(this.$stage.parent())),this.$element.is(":visible")?this.refresh():this.invalidate("width"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).addClass(this.options.loadedClass),this.registerEventHandlers(),this.leave("initializing"),this.trigger("initialized")},n.prototype.setup=function(){var e=this.viewport(),i=this.options.responsive,s=-1,n=null;i?(t.each(i,function(t){e>=t&&t>s&&(s=Number(t))}),n=t.extend({},this.options,i[s]),delete n.responsive,n.responsiveClass&&this.$element.attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp("("+this.options.responsiveClass+"-)\\S+\\s","g"),"$1"+s))):n=t.extend({},this.options),(null===this.settings||this._breakpoint!==s)&&(this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"settings",value:n}}),this._breakpoint=s,this.settings=n,this.invalidate("settings"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"settings",value:this.settings}}))},n.prototype.optionsLogic=function(){this.settings.autoWidth&&(this.settings.stagePadding=!1,this.settings.merge=!1)},n.prototype.prepare=function(e){var i=this.trigger("prepare",{content:e});return i.data||(i.data=t("<"+this.settings.itemElement+"/>").addClass(this.options.itemClass).append(e)),this.trigger("prepared",{content:i.data}),i.data},n.prototype.update=function(){for(var e=0,i=this._pipe.length,s=t.proxy(function(t){return this[t]},this._invalidated),n={};i>e;)(this._invalidated.all||t.grep(this._pipe[e].filter,s).length>0)&&this._pipe[e].run(n),e++;this._invalidated={},!this.is("valid")&&this.enter("valid")},n.prototype.width=function(t){switch(t=t||n.Width.Default){case n.Width.Inner:case n.Width.Outer:return this._width;default:return this._width-2*this.settings.stagePadding+this.settings.margin}},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this.enter("refreshing"),this.trigger("refresh"),this.setup(),this.optionsLogic(),this.$element.addClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.update(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.leave("refreshing"),this.trigger("refreshed")},n.prototype.onThrottledResize=function(){e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.resizeTimer=e.setTimeout(this._handlers.onResize,this.settings.responsiveRefreshRate)},n.prototype.onResize=function(){return this._items.length?this._width===this.$element.width()?!1:this.$element.is(":visible")?(this.enter("resizing"),this.trigger("resize").isDefaultPrevented()?(this.leave("resizing"),!1):(this.invalidate("width"),this.refresh(),this.leave("resizing"),void this.trigger("resized"))):!1:!1},n.prototype.registerEventHandlers=function(){t.support.transition&&this.$stage.on(t.support.transition.end+".owl.core",t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&this.on(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize),this.settings.mouseDrag&&(this.$element.addClass(this.options.dragClass),this.$stage.on("mousedown.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("dragstart.owl.core selectstart.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.settings.touchDrag&&(this.$stage.on("touchstart.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("touchcancel.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)))},n.prototype.onDragStart=function(e){var s=null;3!==e.which&&(t.support.transform?(s=this.$stage.css("transform").replace(/.*\(|\)| /g,"").split(","),s={x:s[16===s.length?12:4],y:s[16===s.length?13:5]}):(s=this.$stage.position(),s={x:this.settings.rtl?s.left+this.$stage.width()-this.width()+this.settings.margin:s.left,y:s.top}),this.is("animating")&&(t.support.transform?this.animate(s.x):this.$stage.stop(),this.invalidate("position")),this.$element.toggleClass(this.options.grabClass,"mousedown"===e.type),this.speed(0),this._drag.time=(new Date).getTime(),this._drag.target=t(e.target),this._drag.stage.start=s,this._drag.stage.current=s,this._drag.pointer=this.pointer(e),t(i).on("mouseup.owl.core touchend.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)),t(i).one("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(function(e){var s=this.difference(this._drag.pointer,this.pointer(e));t(i).on("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragMove,this)),Math.abs(s.x)0^this.settings.rtl?"left":"right";t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.grabClass),(0!==s.x&&this.is("dragging")||!this.is("valid"))&&(this.speed(this.settings.dragEndSpeed||this.settings.smartSpeed),this.current(this.closest(n.x,0!==s.x?o:this._drag.direction)),this.invalidate("position"),this.update(),this._drag.direction=o,(Math.abs(s.x)>3||(new Date).getTime()-this._drag.time>300)&&this._drag.target.one("click.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.is("dragging")&&(this.leave("dragging"),this.trigger("dragged"))},n.prototype.closest=function(e,i){var s=-1,n=30,o=this.width(),r=this.coordinates();return this.settings.freeDrag||t.each(r,t.proxy(function(t,a){return e>a-n&&a+n>e?s=t:this.op(e,"<",a)&&this.op(e,">",r[t+1]||a-o)&&(s="left"===i?t+1:t),-1===s},this)),this.settings.loop||(this.op(e,">",r[this.minimum()])?s=e=this.minimum():this.op(e,"<",r[this.maximum()])&&(s=e=this.maximum())),s},n.prototype.animate=function(e){var i=this.speed()>0;this.is("animating")&&this.onTransitionEnd(),i&&(this.enter("animating"),this.trigger("translate")),t.support.transform3d&&t.support.transition?this.$stage.css({transform:"translate3d("+e+"px,0px,0px)",transition:this.speed()/1e3+"s"}):i?this.$stage.animate({left:e+"px"},this.speed(),this.settings.fallbackEasing,t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)):this.$stage.css({left:e+"px"})},n.prototype.is=function(t){return this._states.current[t]&&this._states.current[t]>0},n.prototype.current=function(t){if(t===s)return this._current;if(0===this._items.length)return s;if(t=this.normalize(t),this._current!==t){var e=this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"position",value:t}});e.data!==s&&(t=this.normalize(e.data)),this._current=t,this.invalidate("position"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"position",value:this._current}})}return this._current},n.prototype.invalidate=function(e){return"string"===t.type(e)&&(this._invalidated[e]=!0,this.is("valid")&&this.leave("valid")),t.map(this._invalidated,function(t,e){return e})},n.prototype.reset=function(t){t=this.normalize(t),t!==s&&(this._speed=0,this._current=t,this.suppress(["translate","translated"]),this.animate(this.coordinates(t)),this.release(["translate","translated"]))},n.prototype.normalize=function(e,i){var n=this._items.length,o=i?0:this._clones.length;return!t.isNumeric(e)||1>n?e=s:(0>e||e>=n+o)&&(e=((e-o/2)%n+n)%n+o/2),e},n.prototype.relative=function(t){return t-=this._clones.length/2,this.normalize(t,!0)},n.prototype.maximum=function(t){var e,i=this.settings,s=this._coordinates.length,n=Math.abs(this._coordinates[s-1])-this._width,o=-1;if(i.loop)s=this._clones.length/2+this._items.length-1;else if(i.autoWidth||i.merge)for(;s-o>1;)Math.abs(this._coordinates[e=s+o>>1])0)-(0>n),r=this._items.length,a=this.minimum(),h=this.maximum();this.settings.loop?(!this.settings.rewind&&Math.abs(n)>r/2&&(n+=-1*o*r),t=i+n,s=((t-a)%r+r)%r+a,s!==t&&h>=s-n&&s-n>0&&(i=s-n,t=s,this.reset(i))):this.settings.rewind?(h+=1,t=(t%h+h)%h):t=Math.max(a,Math.min(h,t)),this.speed(this.duration(i,t,e)),this.current(t),this.$element.is(":visible")&&this.update()},n.prototype.next=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())+1,t)},n.prototype.prev=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())-1,t)},n.prototype.onTransitionEnd=function(t){return t!==s&&(t.stopPropagation(),(t.target||t.srcElement||t.originalTarget)!==this.$stage.get(0))?!1:(this.leave("animating"),void this.trigger("translated"))},n.prototype.viewport=function(){var s;if(this.options.responsiveBaseElement!==e)s=t(this.options.responsiveBaseElement).width();else if(e.innerWidth)s=e.innerWidth;else{if(!i.documentElement||!i.documentElement.clientWidth)throw"Can not detect viewport width.";s=i.documentElement.clientWidth}return s},n.prototype.replace=function(e){this.$stage.empty(),this._items=[],e&&(e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e)),this.settings.nestedItemSelector&&(e=e.find("."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector)),e.filter(function(){return 1===this.nodeType}).each(t.proxy(function(t,e){e=this.prepare(e),this.$stage.append(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)},this)),this.reset(t.isNumeric(this.settings.startPosition)?this.settings.startPosition:0),this.invalidate("items")},n.prototype.add=function(e,i){var n=this.relative(this._current);i=i===s?this._items.length:this.normalize(i,!0),e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e),this.trigger("add",{content:e,position:i}),e=this.prepare(e),0===this._items.length||i===this._items.length?(0===this._items.length&&this.$stage.append(e),0!==this._items.length&&this._items[i-1].after(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)):(this._items[i].before(e),this._items.splice(i,0,e),this._mergers.splice(i,0,1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)),this._items[n]&&this.reset(this._items[n].index()),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("added",{content:e,position:i})},n.prototype.remove=function(t){t=this.normalize(t,!0),t!==s&&(this.trigger("remove",{content:this._items[t],position:t}),this._items[t].remove(),this._items.splice(t,1),this._mergers.splice(t,1),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("removed",{content:null,position:t}))},n.prototype.preloadAutoWidthImages=function(e){e.each(t.proxy(function(e,i){this.enter("pre-loading"),i=t(i),t(new Image).one("load",t.proxy(function(t){i.attr("src",t.target.src),i.css("opacity",1),this.leave("pre-loading"),!this.is("pre-loading")&&!this.is("initializing")&&this.refresh()},this)).attr("src",i.attr("src")||i.attr("data-src")||i.attr("data-src-retina"))},this))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){this.$element.off(".owl.core"),this.$stage.off(".owl.core"),t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&(e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.off(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize));for(var s in this._plugins)this._plugins[s].destroy();this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove(),this.$stage.unwrap(),this.$stage.children().contents().unwrap(),this.$stage.children().unwrap(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass).removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).removeClass(this.options.loadedClass).removeClass(this.options.rtlClass).removeClass(this.options.dragClass).removeClass(this.options.grabClass).attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp(this.options.responsiveClass+"-\\S+\\s","g"),"")).removeData("owl.vccarousel")},n.prototype.op=function(t,e,i){var s=this.settings.rtl;switch(e){case"<":return s?t>i:i>t;case">":return s?i>t:t>i;case">=":return s?i>=t:t>=i;case"<=":return s?t>=i:i>=t}},n.prototype.on=function(t,e,i,s){t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener(e,i,s):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.off=function(t,e,i,s){t.removeEventListener?t.removeEventListener(e,i,s):t.detachEvent&&t.detachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.trigger=function(e,i,s,o,r){var a={item:{count:this._items.length,index:this.current()}},h=t.camelCase(t.grep(["on",e,s],function(t){return t}).join("-").toLowerCase()),l=t.Event([e,"owl",s||"vccarousel"].join(".").toLowerCase(),t.extend({relatedTarget:this},a,i));return this._supress[e]||(t.each(this._plugins,function(t,e){e.onTrigger&&e.onTrigger(l)}),this.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:e}),this.$element.trigger(l),this.settings&&"function"==typeof this.settings[h]&&this.settings[h].call(this,l)),l},n.prototype.enter=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]===s&&(this._states.current[e]=0),this._states.current[e]++},this))},n.prototype.leave=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]--},this))},n.prototype.register=function(e){if(e.type===n.Type.Event){if(t.event.special[e.name]||(t.event.special[e.name]={}),!t.event.special[e.name].owl){var i=t.event.special[e.name]._default;t.event.special[e.name]._default=function(t){return!i||!i.apply||t.namespace&&-1!==t.namespace.indexOf("owl")?t.namespace&&t.namespace.indexOf("owl")>-1:i.apply(this,arguments)},t.event.special[e.name].owl=!0}}else e.type===n.Type.State&&(this._states.tags[e.name]?this._states.tags[e.name]=this._states.tags[e.name].concat(e.tags):this._states.tags[e.name]=e.tags,this._states.tags[e.name]=t.grep(this._states.tags[e.name],t.proxy(function(i,s){return t.inArray(i,this._states.tags[e.name])===s},this)))},n.prototype.suppress=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._supress[e]=!0},this))},n.prototype.release=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){delete this._supress[e]},this))},n.prototype.pointer=function(t){var i={x:null,y:null};return t=t.originalEvent||t||e.event,t=t.touches&&t.touches.length?t.touches[0]:t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length?t.changedTouches[0]:t,t.pageX?(i.x=t.pageX,i.y=t.pageY):(i.x=t.clientX,i.y=t.clientY),i},n.prototype.difference=function(t,e){return{x:t.x-e.x,y:t.y-e.y}},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel=function(e){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return this.each(function(){var s=t(this),o=s.data("owl.vccarousel");o||(o=new n(this,"object"==typeof e&&e),s.data("owl.vccarousel",o),t.each(["next","prev","to","destroy","refresh","replace","add","remove"],function(e,i){o.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:i}),o.$element.on(i+".owl.vccarousel.core",t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&t.relatedTarget!==this&&(this.suppress([i]),o[i].apply(this,[].slice.call(arguments,1)),this.release([i]))},o))})),"string"==typeof e&&"_"!==e.charAt(0)&&o[e].apply(o,i)})},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._interval=null,this._visible=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoRefresh&&this.watch()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoRefresh:!0,autoRefreshInterval:500},n.prototype.watch=function(){this._interval||(this._visible=this._core.$element.is(":visible"),this._interval=e.setInterval(t.proxy(this.refresh,this),this._core.settings.autoRefreshInterval))},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this._core.$element.is(":visible")!==this._visible&&(this._visible=!this._visible,this._core.$element.toggleClass("owl-hidden",!this._visible),this._visible&&this._core.invalidate("width")&&this._core.refresh())},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,i;e.clearInterval(this._interval);for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(i in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[i]&&(this[i]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoRefresh=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._loaded=[],this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel change.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace&&this._core.settings&&this._core.settings.lazyLoad&&(e.property&&"position"==e.property.name||"initialized"==e.type))for(var i=this._core.settings,s=i.center&&Math.ceil(i.items/2)||i.items,n=i.center&&-1*s||0,o=(e.property&&e.property.value||this._core.current())+n,r=this._core.clones().length,a=t.proxy(function(t,e){this.load(e)},this);n++-1||(n.each(t.proxy(function(i,s){var n,o=t(s),r=e.devicePixelRatio>1&&o.attr("data-src-retina")||o.attr("data-src");this._core.trigger("load",{element:o,url:r},"lazy"),o.is("img")?o.one("load.owl.lazy",t.proxy(function(){o.css("opacity",1),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this)).attr("src",r):(n=new Image,n.onload=t.proxy(function(){o.css({"background-image":"url("+r+")",opacity:"1"}),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this),n.src=r)},this)),this._loaded.push(s.get(0)))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this.handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this.handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Lazy=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&this.update()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&"position"==t.property.name&&this.update()},this),"loaded.owl.lazy":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&t.element.closest("."+this._core.settings.itemClass).index()===this._core.current()&&this.update()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoHeight:!1,autoHeightClass:"owl-height"},n.prototype.update=function(){this._core.$stage.parent().height(this._core.$stage.children().eq(this._core.current()).height()).addClass(this._core.settings.autoHeightClass)},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoHeight=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._videos={},this._playing=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.register({type:"state",name:"playing",tags:["interacting"]})},this),"resize.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.video&&this.isInFullScreen()&&t.preventDefault()},this),"refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.is("resizing")&&this._core.$stage.find(".cloned .owl-video-frame").remove()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&"position"===t.property.name&&this._playing&&this.stop()},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find(".owl-video");i.length&&(i.css("display","none"),this.fetch(i,t(e.content)))}},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.$element.on("click.owl.video",".owl-video-play-icon",t.proxy(function(t){this.play(t)},this))};n.Defaults={video:!1,videoHeight:!1,videoWidth:!1},n.prototype.fetch=function(t,e){var i=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")?"vimeo":"youtube",s=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")||t.attr("data-youtube-id"),n=t.attr("data-width")||this._core.settings.videoWidth,o=t.attr("data-height")||this._core.settings.videoHeight,r=t.attr("href");if(!r)throw new Error("Missing video URL.");if(s=r.match(/(http:|https:|)\/\/(player.|www.)?(vimeo\.com|youtu(be\.com|\.be|be\.googleapis\.com))\/(video\/|embed\/|watch\?v=|v\/)?([A-Za-z0-9._%-]*)(\&\S+)?/),s[3].indexOf("youtu")>-1)i="youtube";else{if(!(s[3].indexOf("vimeo")>-1))throw new Error("Video URL not 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t,e,i,s=this._core.clones().length/2,n=s+this._core.items().length,o=this._core.maximum(!0),r=this._core.settings,a=r.center||r.autoWidth||r.dotsData?1:r.dotsEach||r.items;if("page"!==r.slideBy&&(r.slideBy=Math.min(r.slideBy,r.items)),r.dots||"page"==r.slideBy)for(this._pages=[],t=s,e=0,i=0;n>t;t++){if(e>=a||0===e){if(this._pages.push({start:Math.min(o,t-s),end:t-s+a-1}),Math.min(o,t-s)===o)break;e=0,++i}e+=this._core.mergers(this._core.relative(t))}},n.prototype.draw=function(){var e,i=this._core.settings,s=this._core.items().length<=i.items,n=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),o=i.loop||i.rewind;this._controls.$relative.toggleClass("disabled",!i.nav||s),i.nav&&(this._controls.$previous.toggleClass("disabled",!o&&n<=this._core.minimum(!0)),this._controls.$next.toggleClass("disabled",!o&&n>=this._core.maximum(!0))),this._controls.$absolute.toggleClass("disabled",!i.dots||s),i.dots&&(e=this._pages.length-this._controls.$absolute.children().length,i.dotsData&&0!==e?this._controls.$absolute.html(this._templates.join("")):e>0?this._controls.$absolute.append(new Array(e+1).join(this._templates[0])):0>e&&this._controls.$absolute.children().slice(e).remove(),this._controls.$absolute.find(".active").removeClass("active"),this._controls.$absolute.children().eq(t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages)).addClass("active"))},n.prototype.onTrigger=function(e){var i=this._core.settings;e.page={index:t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),count:this._pages.length,size:i&&(i.center||i.autoWidth||i.dotsData?1:i.dotsEach||i.items)}},n.prototype.current=function(){var e=this._core.relative(this._core.current());return t.grep(this._pages,t.proxy(function(t,i){return t.start<=e&&t.end>=e},this)).pop()},n.prototype.getPosition=function(e){var i,s,n=this._core.settings;return"page"==n.slideBy?(i=t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),s=this._pages.length,e?++i:--i,i=this._pages[(i%s+s)%s].start):(i=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),s=this._core.items().length,e?i+=n.slideBy:i-=n.slideBy),i},n.prototype.next=function(e){t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!0),e)},n.prototype.prev=function(e){t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!1),e)},n.prototype.to=function(e,i,s){var n;s?t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(e,i):(n=this._pages.length,t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this._pages[(e%n+n)%n].start,i))},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Navigation=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){"use strict";var n=function(i){this._core=i,this._hashes={},this.$element=this._core.$element,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(i){i.namespace&&"URLHash"===this._core.settings.startPosition&&t(e).trigger("hashchange.owl.navigation")},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find("[data-hash]").andSelf("[data-hash]").attr("data-hash");if(!i)return;this._hashes[i]=e.content}},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(i){if(i.namespace&&"position"===i.property.name){var s=this._core.items(this._core.relative(this._core.current())),n=t.map(this._hashes,function(t,e){return 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!function(t,e,i,s){function n(e,i){this.settings=null,this.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,i),this.$element=t(e),this._handlers={},this._plugins={},this._supress={},this._current=null,this._speed=null,this._coordinates=[],this._breakpoint=null,this._width=null,this._items=[],this._clones=[],this._mergers=[],this._widths=[],this._invalidated={},this._pipe=[],this._drag={time:null,target:null,pointer:null,stage:{start:null,current:null},direction:null},this._states={current:{},tags:{initializing:["busy"],animating:["busy"],dragging:["interacting"]}},t.each(["onResize","onThrottledResize"],t.proxy(function(e,i){this._handlers[i]=t.proxy(this[i],this)},this)),t.each(n.Plugins,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._plugins[t[0].toLowerCase()+t.slice(1)]=new 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e=this.settings.margin||"",i=!this.settings.autoWidth,s=this.settings.rtl,n={width:"auto","margin-left":s?e:"","margin-right":s?"":e};!i&&this.$stage.children().css(n),t.css=n}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=(this.width()/this.settings.items).toFixed(3)-this.settings.margin,i=null,s=this._items.length,n=!this.settings.autoWidth,o=[];for(t.items={merge:!1,width:e};s--;)i=this._mergers[s],i=this.settings.mergeFit&&Math.min(i,this.settings.items)||i,t.items.merge=i>1||t.items.merge,o[s]=n?e*i:this._items[s].width();this._widths=o}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){var e=[],i=this._items,s=this.settings,n=Math.max(2*s.items,4),o=2*Math.ceil(i.length/2),r=s.loop&&i.length?s.rewind?n:Math.max(n,o):0,a="",h="";for(r/=2;r--;)e.push(this.normalize(e.length/2,!0)),a+=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML,e.push(this.normalize(i.length-1-(e.length-1)/2,!0)),h=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML+h;this._clones=e,t(a).addClass("cloned").appendTo(this.$stage),t(h).addClass("cloned").prependTo(this.$stage)}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(){for(var t=this.settings.rtl?1:-1,e=this._clones.length+this._items.length,i=-1,s=0,n=0,o=[];++ii;i++)t=this._coordinates[i-1]||0,e=Math.abs(this._coordinates[i])+o*n,(this.op(t,"<=",r)&&this.op(t,">",a)||this.op(e,"<",r)&&this.op(e,">",a))&&h.push(i);this.$stage.children(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$stage.children(":eq("+h.join("), 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RegExp("("+this.options.responsiveClass+"-)\\S+\\s","g"),"$1"+s))):n=t.extend({},this.options),(null===this.settings||this._breakpoint!==s)&&(this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"settings",value:n}}),this._breakpoint=s,this.settings=n,this.invalidate("settings"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"settings",value:this.settings}}))},n.prototype.optionsLogic=function(){this.settings.autoWidth&&(this.settings.stagePadding=!1,this.settings.merge=!1)},n.prototype.prepare=function(e){var i=this.trigger("prepare",{content:e});return i.data||(i.data=t("<"+this.settings.itemElement+"/>").addClass(this.options.itemClass).append(e)),this.trigger("prepared",{content:i.data}),i.data},n.prototype.update=function(){for(var e=0,i=this._pipe.length,s=t.proxy(function(t){return this[t]},this._invalidated),n={};i>e;)(this._invalidated.all||t.grep(this._pipe[e].filter,s).length>0)&&this._pipe[e].run(n),e++;this._invalidated={},!this.is("valid")&&this.enter("valid")},n.prototype.width=function(t){switch(t=t||n.Width.Default){case n.Width.Inner:case n.Width.Outer:return this._width;default:return this._width-2*this.settings.stagePadding+this.settings.margin}},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this.enter("refreshing"),this.trigger("refresh"),this.setup(),this.optionsLogic(),this.$element.addClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.update(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.leave("refreshing"),this.trigger("refreshed")},n.prototype.onThrottledResize=function(){e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.resizeTimer=e.setTimeout(this._handlers.onResize,this.settings.responsiveRefreshRate)},n.prototype.onResize=function(){return this._items.length?this._width===this.$element.width()?!1:this.$element.is(":visible")?(this.enter("resizing"),this.trigger("resize").isDefaultPrevented()?(this.leave("resizing"),!1):(this.invalidate("width"),this.refresh(),this.leave("resizing"),void this.trigger("resized"))):!1:!1},n.prototype.registerEventHandlers=function(){t.support.transition&&this.$stage.on(t.support.transition.end+".owl.core",t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&this.on(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize),this.settings.mouseDrag&&(this.$element.addClass(this.options.dragClass),this.$stage.on("mousedown.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("dragstart.owl.core selectstart.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.settings.touchDrag&&(this.$stage.on("touchstart.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("touchcancel.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)))},n.prototype.onDragStart=function(e){var s=null;3!==e.which&&(t.support.transform?(s=this.$stage.css("transform").replace(/.*\(|\)| /g,"").split(","),s={x:s[16===s.length?12:4],y:s[16===s.length?13:5]}):(s=this.$stage.position(),s={x:this.settings.rtl?s.left+this.$stage.width()-this.width()+this.settings.margin:s.left,y:s.top}),this.is("animating")&&(t.support.transform?this.animate(s.x):this.$stage.stop(),this.invalidate("position")),this.$element.toggleClass(this.options.grabClass,"mousedown"===e.type),this.speed(0),this._drag.time=(new Date).getTime(),this._drag.target=t(e.target),this._drag.stage.start=s,this._drag.stage.current=s,this._drag.pointer=this.pointer(e),t(i).on("mouseup.owl.core touchend.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)),t(i).one("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(function(e){var s=this.difference(this._drag.pointer,this.pointer(e));t(i).on("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragMove,this)),Math.abs(s.x)0^this.settings.rtl?"left":"right";t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.grabClass),(0!==s.x&&this.is("dragging")||!this.is("valid"))&&(this.speed(this.settings.dragEndSpeed||this.settings.smartSpeed),this.current(this.closest(n.x,0!==s.x?o:this._drag.direction)),this.invalidate("position"),this.update(),this._drag.direction=o,(Math.abs(s.x)>3||(new Date).getTime()-this._drag.time>300)&&this._drag.target.one("click.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.is("dragging")&&(this.leave("dragging"),this.trigger("dragged"))},n.prototype.closest=function(e,i){var s=-1,n=30,o=this.width(),r=this.coordinates();return this.settings.freeDrag||t.each(r,t.proxy(function(t,a){return e>a-n&&a+n>e?s=t:this.op(e,"<",a)&&this.op(e,">",r[t+1]||a-o)&&(s="left"===i?t+1:t),-1===s},this)),this.settings.loop||(this.op(e,">",r[this.minimum()])?s=e=this.minimum():this.op(e,"<",r[this.maximum()])&&(s=e=this.maximum())),s},n.prototype.animate=function(e){var i=this.speed()>0;this.is("animating")&&this.onTransitionEnd(),i&&(this.enter("animating"),this.trigger("translate")),t.support.transform3d&&t.support.transition?this.$stage.css({transform:"translate3d("+e+"px,0px,0px)",transition:this.speed()/1e3+"s"}):i?this.$stage.animate({left:e+"px"},this.speed(),this.settings.fallbackEasing,t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)):this.$stage.css({left:e+"px"})},n.prototype.is=function(t){return this._states.current[t]&&this._states.current[t]>0},n.prototype.current=function(t){if(t===s)return this._current;if(0===this._items.length)return s;if(t=this.normalize(t),this._current!==t){var e=this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"position",value:t}});e.data!==s&&(t=this.normalize(e.data)),this._current=t,this.invalidate("position"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"position",value:this._current}})}return this._current},n.prototype.invalidate=function(e){return"string"===t.type(e)&&(this._invalidated[e]=!0,this.is("valid")&&this.leave("valid")),t.map(this._invalidated,function(t,e){return e})},n.prototype.reset=function(t){t=this.normalize(t),t!==s&&(this._speed=0,this._current=t,this.suppress(["translate","translated"]),this.animate(this.coordinates(t)),this.release(["translate","translated"]))},n.prototype.normalize=function(e,i){var n=this._items.length,o=i?0:this._clones.length;return!t.isNumeric(e)||1>n?e=s:(0>e||e>=n+o)&&(e=((e-o/2)%n+n)%n+o/2),e},n.prototype.relative=function(t){return t-=this._clones.length/2,this.normalize(t,!0)},n.prototype.maximum=function(t){var e,i=this.settings,s=this._coordinates.length,n=Math.abs(this._coordinates[s-1])-this._width,o=-1;if(i.loop)s=this._clones.length/2+this._items.length-1;else if(i.autoWidth||i.merge)for(;s-o>1;)Math.abs(this._coordinates[e=s+o>>1])0)-(0>n),r=this._items.length,a=this.minimum(),h=this.maximum();this.settings.loop?(!this.settings.rewind&&Math.abs(n)>r/2&&(n+=-1*o*r),t=i+n,s=((t-a)%r+r)%r+a,s!==t&&h>=s-n&&s-n>0&&(i=s-n,t=s,this.reset(i))):this.settings.rewind?(h+=1,t=(t%h+h)%h):t=Math.max(a,Math.min(h,t)),this.speed(this.duration(i,t,e)),this.current(t),this.$element.is(":visible")&&this.update()},n.prototype.next=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())+1,t)},n.prototype.prev=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())-1,t)},n.prototype.onTransitionEnd=function(t){return t!==s&&(t.stopPropagation(),(t.target||t.srcElement||t.originalTarget)!==this.$stage.get(0))?!1:(this.leave("animating"),void this.trigger("translated"))},n.prototype.viewport=function(){var s;if(this.options.responsiveBaseElement!==e)s=t(this.options.responsiveBaseElement).width();else if(e.innerWidth)s=e.innerWidth;else{if(!i.documentElement||!i.documentElement.clientWidth)throw"Can not detect viewport width.";s=i.documentElement.clientWidth}return s},n.prototype.replace=function(e){this.$stage.empty(),this._items=[],e&&(e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e)),this.settings.nestedItemSelector&&(e=e.find("."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector)),e.filter(function(){return 1===this.nodeType}).each(t.proxy(function(t,e){e=this.prepare(e),this.$stage.append(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)},this)),this.reset(t.isNumeric(this.settings.startPosition)?this.settings.startPosition:0),this.invalidate("items")},n.prototype.add=function(e,i){var n=this.relative(this._current);i=i===s?this._items.length:this.normalize(i,!0),e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e),this.trigger("add",{content:e,position:i}),e=this.prepare(e),0===this._items.length||i===this._items.length?(0===this._items.length&&this.$stage.append(e),0!==this._items.length&&this._items[i-1].after(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)):(this._items[i].before(e),this._items.splice(i,0,e),this._mergers.splice(i,0,1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)),this._items[n]&&this.reset(this._items[n].index()),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("added",{content:e,position:i})},n.prototype.remove=function(t){t=this.normalize(t,!0),t!==s&&(this.trigger("remove",{content:this._items[t],position:t}),this._items[t].remove(),this._items.splice(t,1),this._mergers.splice(t,1),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("removed",{content:null,position:t}))},n.prototype.preloadAutoWidthImages=function(e){e.each(t.proxy(function(e,i){this.enter("pre-loading"),i=t(i),t(new Image).one("load",t.proxy(function(t){i.attr("src",t.target.src),i.css("opacity",1),this.leave("pre-loading"),!this.is("pre-loading")&&!this.is("initializing")&&this.refresh()},this)).attr("src",i.attr("src")||i.attr("data-src")||i.attr("data-src-retina"))},this))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){this.$element.off(".owl.core"),this.$stage.off(".owl.core"),t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&(e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.off(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize));for(var s in this._plugins)this._plugins[s].destroy();this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove(),this.$stage.unwrap(),this.$stage.children().contents().unwrap(),this.$stage.children().unwrap(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass).removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).removeClass(this.options.loadedClass).removeClass(this.options.rtlClass).removeClass(this.options.dragClass).removeClass(this.options.grabClass).attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp(this.options.responsiveClass+"-\\S+\\s","g"),"")).removeData("owl.vccarousel")},n.prototype.op=function(t,e,i){var s=this.settings.rtl;switch(e){case"<":return s?t>i:i>t;case">":return s?i>t:t>i;case">=":return s?i>=t:t>=i;case"<=":return s?t>=i:i>=t}},n.prototype.on=function(t,e,i,s){t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener(e,i,s):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.off=function(t,e,i,s){t.removeEventListener?t.removeEventListener(e,i,s):t.detachEvent&&t.detachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.trigger=function(e,i,s,o,r){var a={item:{count:this._items.length,index:this.current()}},h=t.camelCase(t.grep(["on",e,s],function(t){return t}).join("-").toLowerCase()),l=t.Event([e,"owl",s||"vccarousel"].join(".").toLowerCase(),t.extend({relatedTarget:this},a,i));return this._supress[e]||(t.each(this._plugins,function(t,e){e.onTrigger&&e.onTrigger(l)}),this.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:e}),this.$element.trigger(l),this.settings&&"function"==typeof this.settings[h]&&this.settings[h].call(this,l)),l},n.prototype.enter=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]===s&&(this._states.current[e]=0),this._states.current[e]++},this))},n.prototype.leave=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]--},this))},n.prototype.register=function(e){if(e.type===n.Type.Event){if(t.event.special[e.name]||(t.event.special[e.name]={}),!t.event.special[e.name].owl){var i=t.event.special[e.name]._default;t.event.special[e.name]._default=function(t){return!i||!i.apply||t.namespace&&-1!==t.namespace.indexOf("owl")?t.namespace&&t.namespace.indexOf("owl")>-1:i.apply(this,arguments)},t.event.special[e.name].owl=!0}}else e.type===n.Type.State&&(this._states.tags[e.name]?this._states.tags[e.name]=this._states.tags[e.name].concat(e.tags):this._states.tags[e.name]=e.tags,this._states.tags[e.name]=t.grep(this._states.tags[e.name],t.proxy(function(i,s){return t.inArray(i,this._states.tags[e.name])===s},this)))},n.prototype.suppress=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._supress[e]=!0},this))},n.prototype.release=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){delete this._supress[e]},this))},n.prototype.pointer=function(t){var i={x:null,y:null};return t=t.originalEvent||t||e.event,t=t.touches&&t.touches.length?t.touches[0]:t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length?t.changedTouches[0]:t,t.pageX?(i.x=t.pageX,i.y=t.pageY):(i.x=t.clientX,i.y=t.clientY),i},n.prototype.difference=function(t,e){return{x:t.x-e.x,y:t.y-e.y}},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel=function(e){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return this.each(function(){var s=t(this),o=s.data("owl.vccarousel");o||(o=new n(this,"object"==typeof e&&e),s.data("owl.vccarousel",o),t.each(["next","prev","to","destroy","refresh","replace","add","remove"],function(e,i){o.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:i}),o.$element.on(i+".owl.vccarousel.core",t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&t.relatedTarget!==this&&(this.suppress([i]),o[i].apply(this,[].slice.call(arguments,1)),this.release([i]))},o))})),"string"==typeof e&&"_"!==e.charAt(0)&&o[e].apply(o,i)})},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._interval=null,this._visible=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoRefresh&&this.watch()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoRefresh:!0,autoRefreshInterval:500},n.prototype.watch=function(){this._interval||(this._visible=this._core.$element.is(":visible"),this._interval=e.setInterval(t.proxy(this.refresh,this),this._core.settings.autoRefreshInterval))},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this._core.$element.is(":visible")!==this._visible&&(this._visible=!this._visible,this._core.$element.toggleClass("owl-hidden",!this._visible),this._visible&&this._core.invalidate("width")&&this._core.refresh())},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,i;e.clearInterval(this._interval);for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(i in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[i]&&(this[i]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoRefresh=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._loaded=[],this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel change.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace&&this._core.settings&&this._core.settings.lazyLoad&&(e.property&&"position"==e.property.name||"initialized"==e.type))for(var i=this._core.settings,s=i.center&&Math.ceil(i.items/2)||i.items,n=i.center&&-1*s||0,o=(e.property&&e.property.value||this._core.current())+n,r=this._core.clones().length,a=t.proxy(function(t,e){this.load(e)},this);n++-1||(n.each(t.proxy(function(i,s){var n,o=t(s),r=e.devicePixelRatio>1&&o.attr("data-src-retina")||o.attr("data-src");this._core.trigger("load",{element:o,url:r},"lazy"),o.is("img")?o.one("load.owl.lazy",t.proxy(function(){o.css("opacity",1),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this)).attr("src",r):(n=new Image,n.onload=t.proxy(function(){o.css({"background-image":"url("+r+")",opacity:"1"}),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this),n.src=r)},this)),this._loaded.push(s.get(0)))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this.handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this.handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Lazy=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&this.update()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&"position"==t.property.name&&this.update()},this),"loaded.owl.lazy":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&t.element.closest("."+this._core.settings.itemClass).index()===this._core.current()&&this.update()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoHeight:!1,autoHeightClass:"owl-height"},n.prototype.update=function(){this._core.$stage.parent().height(this._core.$stage.children().eq(this._core.current()).height()).addClass(this._core.settings.autoHeightClass)},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoHeight=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._videos={},this._playing=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.register({type:"state",name:"playing",tags:["interacting"]})},this),"resize.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.video&&this.isInFullScreen()&&t.preventDefault()},this),"refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.is("resizing")&&this._core.$stage.find(".cloned .owl-video-frame").remove()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&"position"===t.property.name&&this._playing&&this.stop()},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find(".owl-video");i.length&&(i.css("display","none"),this.fetch(i,t(e.content)))}},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.$element.on("click.owl.video",".owl-video-play-icon",t.proxy(function(t){this.play(t)},this))};n.Defaults={video:!1,videoHeight:!1,videoWidth:!1},n.prototype.fetch=function(t,e){var i=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")?"vimeo":"youtube",s=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")||t.attr("data-youtube-id"),n=t.attr("data-width")||this._core.settings.videoWidth,o=t.attr("data-height")||this._core.settings.videoHeight,r=t.attr("href");if(!r)throw new Error("Missing video URL.");if(s=r.match(/(http:|https:|)\/\/(player.|www.)?(vimeo\.com|youtu(be\.com|\.be|be\.googleapis\.com))\/(video\/|embed\/|watch\?v=|v\/)?([A-Za-z0-9._%-]*)(\&\S+)?/),s[3].indexOf("youtu")>-1)i="youtube";else{if(!(s[3].indexOf("vimeo")>-1))throw new Error("Video URL not supported.");i="vimeo"}s=s[6],this._videos[r]={type:i,id:s,width:n,height:o},e.attr("data-video",r),this.thumbnail(t,this._videos[r])},n.prototype.thumbnail=function(e,i){var s,n,o,r=i.width&&i.height?'style="width:'+i.width+"px;height:"+i.height+'px;"':"",a=e.find("img"),h="src",l="",c=this._core.settings,p=function(t){n='
',s=c.lazyLoad?'
':'
',e.after(s),e.after(n)};return e.wrap('
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intriguing evolution of casino history through the ages - Metal Cut Production

Exploring the intriguing evolution of casino history through the ages

Exploring the intriguing evolution of casino history through the ages

The Origins of Gambling

The history of gambling dates back thousands of years, with the earliest known evidence emerging from ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, China, and Egypt. Archaeological findings suggest that as early as 3000 BC, people engaged in games of chance using rudimentary dice made from bones and other materials. These early forms of gambling were often linked to religious practices, serving as a means to predict the future or seek favor from the gods. Gambling’s intertwined nature with spirituality highlights its deep-rooted significance in human culture. In today’s context, platforms like Pikashow allow users to explore various forms of entertainment related to gambling.

By the time of the Romans, gambling had evolved significantly, with a broader array of games emerging. The Romans played various betting games that included dice games and betting on gladiatorial contests. This period marked a shift towards structured gaming, where bets could be placed on outcomes, and early laws began to regulate such activities. The Romans demonstrated that gambling was not only a source of entertainment but also a tool for social interaction, reflecting the values and norms of their society.

Throughout the Middle Ages, gambling faced periods of both popularity and prohibition. Various monarchs and religious leaders attempted to control or ban gambling due to its potential to lead to moral decline. However, despite these attempts, activities such as card games and dice games remained prevalent, illustrating a cultural resilience. This era saw the emergence of early gambling houses, which laid the groundwork for the more formalized establishments we recognize as casinos today.

The Birth of Casinos in Europe

The 17th century marked a pivotal moment in gambling history with the establishment of the first true casinos. The Casino di Venezia, opened in Italy in 1638, is often regarded as the world’s first official casino. This venue offered a variety of games, including card games and the popular game of chance, which attracted the upper classes seeking entertainment. The concept of a dedicated space for gambling was revolutionary, and it quickly gained popularity across Europe, leading to the establishment of similar venues in cities like Monaco and Paris.

As casinos grew in popularity, so did the need for regulation and organization. Governments began to recognize the potential economic benefits of legalized gambling, prompting the development of laws to regulate the industry. In France, casinos became associated with luxury and sophistication, attracting wealthy patrons. This association transformed casinos into not only places for gambling but also centers for socializing and high-class entertainment, reshaping public perceptions of gaming.

The 19th century saw the expansion of casinos beyond Europe, with the advent of gaming houses in America. The Gold Rush and the subsequent influx of wealth in the United States provided fertile ground for gambling culture to flourish. The establishment of casinos in places like New Orleans and later Las Vegas redefined the casino landscape, blending gaming with hospitality and entertainment. These American casinos adopted and adapted European gaming practices, enriching the global gambling tapestry.

The Rise of Las Vegas

The mid-20th century heralded the rise of Las Vegas as the gambling capital of the world. Following the legalization of gambling in Nevada in 1931, Las Vegas transformed from a desert town into a vibrant city filled with luxurious casinos and elaborate shows. The introduction of high-profile figures like Bugsy Siegel, who opened the Flamingo Hotel and Casino in 1946, marked the beginning of a new era. Las Vegas casinos began offering not only games of chance but also lavish entertainment, from music acts to theatrical performances, creating a unique blend of attractions.

The evolution of Las Vegas casinos was driven by innovation and competition. The introduction of themed casinos, such as the Mirage and the Bellagio, showcased elaborate architecture and immersive experiences. These developments turned gambling into a comprehensive entertainment experience, appealing to tourists and locals alike. The city’s reputation as a playground for adults solidified, drawing millions of visitors each year and transforming Las Vegas into a global icon.

Moreover, the rise of technology played a significant role in reshaping the gambling experience in Las Vegas. The implementation of electronic gaming machines and video slots revolutionized how games were played, making them more accessible and appealing to a broader audience. This technological advancement, coupled with aggressive marketing strategies, solidified Las Vegas’s status as the premier destination for gambling enthusiasts, forever changing the landscape of the industry.

The Globalization of Gambling

As the 21st century approached, the gambling industry underwent a seismic shift with the advent of online gaming. The internet opened up new avenues for gamblers, allowing them to place bets and play games from the comfort of their homes. This dramatic change democratized gambling, making it accessible to a global audience. Online casinos quickly gained popularity, offering a range of games that appealed to various tastes and preferences, thereby expanding the gambling demographic significantly.

In addition to online gaming, the proliferation of mobile applications has further transformed the landscape. Gamblers can now place bets, participate in live dealer games, and enjoy a variety of casino experiences at their fingertips. This rise in mobile gaming has led to a significant increase in revenue for the gambling industry, prompting traditional casinos to adapt their strategies to incorporate technology and online platforms.

As globalization continues to influence gambling, countries worldwide are reevaluating their laws surrounding the industry. Many nations have legalized gambling in hopes of stimulating economic growth and tourism. However, this rapid expansion raises ethical concerns regarding gambling addiction and the societal impacts of widespread access to gambling. The balance between economic benefits and social responsibility remains a critical discussion in the ongoing evolution of gambling.

Conclusion: The Future of Casino Culture

The evolution of casino history showcases humanity’s complex relationship with gambling, reflecting changes in society, technology, and culture. As casinos continue to adapt to the digital age and consumer preferences, they face both opportunities and challenges. The integration of virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence promises to reshape the gambling experience further, potentially creating immersive environments that blur the lines between reality and gaming.

While the future of casinos appears bright, it is essential to address the emerging social issues related to gambling. Responsible gambling initiatives, education, and regulation will play a crucial role in ensuring that the industry thrives while minimizing the risks associated with gambling. As we look to the future, the evolution of casino culture will undoubtedly continue, influenced by changing technologies and societal values.

Understanding the historical context of gambling helps to appreciate its significance in modern society. From ancient dice to the extravagant casinos of Las Vegas and the digital platforms of today, the evolution of casinos offers a fascinating glimpse into human behavior and societal changes. As this intriguing journey unfolds, the role of casinos will remain pivotal in shaping entertainment, economy, and culture around the world.

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