!function(t,e,i,s){function n(e,i){this.settings=null,this.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,i),this.$element=t(e),this._handlers={},this._plugins={},this._supress={},this._current=null,this._speed=null,this._coordinates=[],this._breakpoint=null,this._width=null,this._items=[],this._clones=[],this._mergers=[],this._widths=[],this._invalidated={},this._pipe=[],this._drag={time:null,target:null,pointer:null,stage:{start:null,current:null},direction:null},this._states={current:{},tags:{initializing:["busy"],animating:["busy"],dragging:["interacting"]}},t.each(["onResize","onThrottledResize"],t.proxy(function(e,i){this._handlers[i]=t.proxy(this[i],this)},this)),t.each(n.Plugins,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._plugins[t[0].toLowerCase()+t.slice(1)]=new e(this)},this)),t.each(n.Workers,t.proxy(function(e,i){this._pipe.push({filter:i.filter,run:t.proxy(i.run,this)})},this)),this.setup(),this.initialize()}n.Defaults={items:3,loop:!1,center:!1,rewind:!1,mouseDrag:!0,touchDrag:!0,pullDrag:!0,freeDrag:!1,margin:0,stagePadding:0,merge:!1,mergeFit:!0,autoWidth:!1,startPosition:0,rtl:!1,smartSpeed:250,fluidSpeed:!1,dragEndSpeed:!1,responsive:{},responsiveRefreshRate:200,responsiveBaseElement:e,fallbackEasing:"swing",info:!1,nestedItemSelector:!1,itemElement:"div",stageElement:"div",refreshClass:"owl-refresh",loadedClass:"owl-loaded",loadingClass:"owl-loading",rtlClass:"owl-rtl",responsiveClass:"owl-responsive",dragClass:"owl-drag",itemClass:"owl-item",stageClass:"owl-stage",stageOuterClass:"owl-stage-outer",grabClass:"owl-grab"},n.Width={Default:"default",Inner:"inner",Outer:"outer"},n.Type={Event:"event",State:"state"},n.Plugins={},n.Workers=[{filter:["width","settings"],run:function(){this._width=this.$element.width()}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){t.current=this._items&&this._items[this.relative(this._current)]}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove()}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=this.settings.margin||"",i=!this.settings.autoWidth,s=this.settings.rtl,n={width:"auto","margin-left":s?e:"","margin-right":s?"":e};!i&&this.$stage.children().css(n),t.css=n}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=(this.width()/this.settings.items).toFixed(3)-this.settings.margin,i=null,s=this._items.length,n=!this.settings.autoWidth,o=[];for(t.items={merge:!1,width:e};s--;)i=this._mergers[s],i=this.settings.mergeFit&&Math.min(i,this.settings.items)||i,t.items.merge=i>1||t.items.merge,o[s]=n?e*i:this._items[s].width();this._widths=o}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){var e=[],i=this._items,s=this.settings,n=Math.max(2*s.items,4),o=2*Math.ceil(i.length/2),r=s.loop&&i.length?s.rewind?n:Math.max(n,o):0,a="",h="";for(r/=2;r--;)e.push(this.normalize(e.length/2,!0)),a+=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML,e.push(this.normalize(i.length-1-(e.length-1)/2,!0)),h=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML+h;this._clones=e,t(a).addClass("cloned").appendTo(this.$stage),t(h).addClass("cloned").prependTo(this.$stage)}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(){for(var t=this.settings.rtl?1:-1,e=this._clones.length+this._items.length,i=-1,s=0,n=0,o=[];++ii;i++)t=this._coordinates[i-1]||0,e=Math.abs(this._coordinates[i])+o*n,(this.op(t,"<=",r)&&this.op(t,">",a)||this.op(e,"<",r)&&this.op(e,">",a))&&h.push(i);this.$stage.children(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$stage.children(":eq("+h.join("), :eq(")+")").addClass("active"),this.settings.center&&(this.$stage.children(".center").removeClass("center"),this.$stage.children().eq(this.current()).addClass("center"))}}],n.prototype.initialize=function(){if(this.enter("initializing"),this.trigger("initialize"),this.$element.toggleClass(this.settings.rtlClass,this.settings.rtl),this.settings.autoWidth&&!this.is("pre-loading")){var e,i,n;e=this.$element.find("img"),i=this.settings.nestedItemSelector?"."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector:s,n=this.$element.children(i).width(),e.length&&0>=n&&this.preloadAutoWidthImages(e)}this.$element.addClass(this.options.loadingClass),this.$stage=t("<"+this.settings.stageElement+' class="'+this.settings.stageClass+'"/>').wrap('
'),this.$element.append(this.$stage.parent()),this.replace(this.$element.children().not(this.$stage.parent())),this.$element.is(":visible")?this.refresh():this.invalidate("width"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).addClass(this.options.loadedClass),this.registerEventHandlers(),this.leave("initializing"),this.trigger("initialized")},n.prototype.setup=function(){var e=this.viewport(),i=this.options.responsive,s=-1,n=null;i?(t.each(i,function(t){e>=t&&t>s&&(s=Number(t))}),n=t.extend({},this.options,i[s]),delete n.responsive,n.responsiveClass&&this.$element.attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp("("+this.options.responsiveClass+"-)\\S+\\s","g"),"$1"+s))):n=t.extend({},this.options),(null===this.settings||this._breakpoint!==s)&&(this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"settings",value:n}}),this._breakpoint=s,this.settings=n,this.invalidate("settings"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"settings",value:this.settings}}))},n.prototype.optionsLogic=function(){this.settings.autoWidth&&(this.settings.stagePadding=!1,this.settings.merge=!1)},n.prototype.prepare=function(e){var i=this.trigger("prepare",{content:e});return i.data||(i.data=t("<"+this.settings.itemElement+"/>").addClass(this.options.itemClass).append(e)),this.trigger("prepared",{content:i.data}),i.data},n.prototype.update=function(){for(var e=0,i=this._pipe.length,s=t.proxy(function(t){return this[t]},this._invalidated),n={};i>e;)(this._invalidated.all||t.grep(this._pipe[e].filter,s).length>0)&&this._pipe[e].run(n),e++;this._invalidated={},!this.is("valid")&&this.enter("valid")},n.prototype.width=function(t){switch(t=t||n.Width.Default){case n.Width.Inner:case n.Width.Outer:return this._width;default:return this._width-2*this.settings.stagePadding+this.settings.margin}},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this.enter("refreshing"),this.trigger("refresh"),this.setup(),this.optionsLogic(),this.$element.addClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.update(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.leave("refreshing"),this.trigger("refreshed")},n.prototype.onThrottledResize=function(){e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.resizeTimer=e.setTimeout(this._handlers.onResize,this.settings.responsiveRefreshRate)},n.prototype.onResize=function(){return this._items.length?this._width===this.$element.width()?!1:this.$element.is(":visible")?(this.enter("resizing"),this.trigger("resize").isDefaultPrevented()?(this.leave("resizing"),!1):(this.invalidate("width"),this.refresh(),this.leave("resizing"),void this.trigger("resized"))):!1:!1},n.prototype.registerEventHandlers=function(){t.support.transition&&this.$stage.on(t.support.transition.end+".owl.core",t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&this.on(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize),this.settings.mouseDrag&&(this.$element.addClass(this.options.dragClass),this.$stage.on("mousedown.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("dragstart.owl.core selectstart.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.settings.touchDrag&&(this.$stage.on("touchstart.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("touchcancel.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)))},n.prototype.onDragStart=function(e){var s=null;3!==e.which&&(t.support.transform?(s=this.$stage.css("transform").replace(/.*\(|\)| /g,"").split(","),s={x:s[16===s.length?12:4],y:s[16===s.length?13:5]}):(s=this.$stage.position(),s={x:this.settings.rtl?s.left+this.$stage.width()-this.width()+this.settings.margin:s.left,y:s.top}),this.is("animating")&&(t.support.transform?this.animate(s.x):this.$stage.stop(),this.invalidate("position")),this.$element.toggleClass(this.options.grabClass,"mousedown"===e.type),this.speed(0),this._drag.time=(new Date).getTime(),this._drag.target=t(e.target),this._drag.stage.start=s,this._drag.stage.current=s,this._drag.pointer=this.pointer(e),t(i).on("mouseup.owl.core touchend.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)),t(i).one("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(function(e){var s=this.difference(this._drag.pointer,this.pointer(e));t(i).on("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragMove,this)),Math.abs(s.x)0^this.settings.rtl?"left":"right";t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.grabClass),(0!==s.x&&this.is("dragging")||!this.is("valid"))&&(this.speed(this.settings.dragEndSpeed||this.settings.smartSpeed),this.current(this.closest(n.x,0!==s.x?o:this._drag.direction)),this.invalidate("position"),this.update(),this._drag.direction=o,(Math.abs(s.x)>3||(new Date).getTime()-this._drag.time>300)&&this._drag.target.one("click.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.is("dragging")&&(this.leave("dragging"),this.trigger("dragged"))},n.prototype.closest=function(e,i){var s=-1,n=30,o=this.width(),r=this.coordinates();return this.settings.freeDrag||t.each(r,t.proxy(function(t,a){return e>a-n&&a+n>e?s=t:this.op(e,"<",a)&&this.op(e,">",r[t+1]||a-o)&&(s="left"===i?t+1:t),-1===s},this)),this.settings.loop||(this.op(e,">",r[this.minimum()])?s=e=this.minimum():this.op(e,"<",r[this.maximum()])&&(s=e=this.maximum())),s},n.prototype.animate=function(e){var i=this.speed()>0;this.is("animating")&&this.onTransitionEnd(),i&&(this.enter("animating"),this.trigger("translate")),t.support.transform3d&&t.support.transition?this.$stage.css({transform:"translate3d("+e+"px,0px,0px)",transition:this.speed()/1e3+"s"}):i?this.$stage.animate({left:e+"px"},this.speed(),this.settings.fallbackEasing,t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)):this.$stage.css({left:e+"px"})},n.prototype.is=function(t){return this._states.current[t]&&this._states.current[t]>0},n.prototype.current=function(t){if(t===s)return this._current;if(0===this._items.length)return s;if(t=this.normalize(t),this._current!==t){var e=this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"position",value:t}});e.data!==s&&(t=this.normalize(e.data)),this._current=t,this.invalidate("position"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"position",value:this._current}})}return this._current},n.prototype.invalidate=function(e){return"string"===t.type(e)&&(this._invalidated[e]=!0,this.is("valid")&&this.leave("valid")),t.map(this._invalidated,function(t,e){return e})},n.prototype.reset=function(t){t=this.normalize(t),t!==s&&(this._speed=0,this._current=t,this.suppress(["translate","translated"]),this.animate(this.coordinates(t)),this.release(["translate","translated"]))},n.prototype.normalize=function(e,i){var n=this._items.length,o=i?0:this._clones.length;return!t.isNumeric(e)||1>n?e=s:(0>e||e>=n+o)&&(e=((e-o/2)%n+n)%n+o/2),e},n.prototype.relative=function(t){return t-=this._clones.length/2,this.normalize(t,!0)},n.prototype.maximum=function(t){var e,i=this.settings,s=this._coordinates.length,n=Math.abs(this._coordinates[s-1])-this._width,o=-1;if(i.loop)s=this._clones.length/2+this._items.length-1;else if(i.autoWidth||i.merge)for(;s-o>1;)Math.abs(this._coordinates[e=s+o>>1])0)-(0>n),r=this._items.length,a=this.minimum(),h=this.maximum();this.settings.loop?(!this.settings.rewind&&Math.abs(n)>r/2&&(n+=-1*o*r),t=i+n,s=((t-a)%r+r)%r+a,s!==t&&h>=s-n&&s-n>0&&(i=s-n,t=s,this.reset(i))):this.settings.rewind?(h+=1,t=(t%h+h)%h):t=Math.max(a,Math.min(h,t)),this.speed(this.duration(i,t,e)),this.current(t),this.$element.is(":visible")&&this.update()},n.prototype.next=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())+1,t)},n.prototype.prev=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())-1,t)},n.prototype.onTransitionEnd=function(t){return t!==s&&(t.stopPropagation(),(t.target||t.srcElement||t.originalTarget)!==this.$stage.get(0))?!1:(this.leave("animating"),void this.trigger("translated"))},n.prototype.viewport=function(){var s;if(this.options.responsiveBaseElement!==e)s=t(this.options.responsiveBaseElement).width();else if(e.innerWidth)s=e.innerWidth;else{if(!i.documentElement||!i.documentElement.clientWidth)throw"Can not detect viewport width.";s=i.documentElement.clientWidth}return s},n.prototype.replace=function(e){this.$stage.empty(),this._items=[],e&&(e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e)),this.settings.nestedItemSelector&&(e=e.find("."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector)),e.filter(function(){return 1===this.nodeType}).each(t.proxy(function(t,e){e=this.prepare(e),this.$stage.append(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)},this)),this.reset(t.isNumeric(this.settings.startPosition)?this.settings.startPosition:0),this.invalidate("items")},n.prototype.add=function(e,i){var n=this.relative(this._current);i=i===s?this._items.length:this.normalize(i,!0),e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e),this.trigger("add",{content:e,position:i}),e=this.prepare(e),0===this._items.length||i===this._items.length?(0===this._items.length&&this.$stage.append(e),0!==this._items.length&&this._items[i-1].after(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)):(this._items[i].before(e),this._items.splice(i,0,e),this._mergers.splice(i,0,1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)),this._items[n]&&this.reset(this._items[n].index()),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("added",{content:e,position:i})},n.prototype.remove=function(t){t=this.normalize(t,!0),t!==s&&(this.trigger("remove",{content:this._items[t],position:t}),this._items[t].remove(),this._items.splice(t,1),this._mergers.splice(t,1),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("removed",{content:null,position:t}))},n.prototype.preloadAutoWidthImages=function(e){e.each(t.proxy(function(e,i){this.enter("pre-loading"),i=t(i),t(new Image).one("load",t.proxy(function(t){i.attr("src",t.target.src),i.css("opacity",1),this.leave("pre-loading"),!this.is("pre-loading")&&!this.is("initializing")&&this.refresh()},this)).attr("src",i.attr("src")||i.attr("data-src")||i.attr("data-src-retina"))},this))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){this.$element.off(".owl.core"),this.$stage.off(".owl.core"),t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&(e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.off(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize));for(var s in this._plugins)this._plugins[s].destroy();this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove(),this.$stage.unwrap(),this.$stage.children().contents().unwrap(),this.$stage.children().unwrap(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass).removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).removeClass(this.options.loadedClass).removeClass(this.options.rtlClass).removeClass(this.options.dragClass).removeClass(this.options.grabClass).attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp(this.options.responsiveClass+"-\\S+\\s","g"),"")).removeData("owl.vccarousel")},n.prototype.op=function(t,e,i){var s=this.settings.rtl;switch(e){case"<":return s?t>i:i>t;case">":return s?i>t:t>i;case">=":return s?i>=t:t>=i;case"<=":return s?t>=i:i>=t}},n.prototype.on=function(t,e,i,s){t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener(e,i,s):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.off=function(t,e,i,s){t.removeEventListener?t.removeEventListener(e,i,s):t.detachEvent&&t.detachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.trigger=function(e,i,s,o,r){var a={item:{count:this._items.length,index:this.current()}},h=t.camelCase(t.grep(["on",e,s],function(t){return t}).join("-").toLowerCase()),l=t.Event([e,"owl",s||"vccarousel"].join(".").toLowerCase(),t.extend({relatedTarget:this},a,i));return this._supress[e]||(t.each(this._plugins,function(t,e){e.onTrigger&&e.onTrigger(l)}),this.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:e}),this.$element.trigger(l),this.settings&&"function"==typeof this.settings[h]&&this.settings[h].call(this,l)),l},n.prototype.enter=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]===s&&(this._states.current[e]=0),this._states.current[e]++},this))},n.prototype.leave=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]--},this))},n.prototype.register=function(e){if(e.type===n.Type.Event){if(t.event.special[e.name]||(t.event.special[e.name]={}),!t.event.special[e.name].owl){var i=t.event.special[e.name]._default;t.event.special[e.name]._default=function(t){return!i||!i.apply||t.namespace&&-1!==t.namespace.indexOf("owl")?t.namespace&&t.namespace.indexOf("owl")>-1:i.apply(this,arguments)},t.event.special[e.name].owl=!0}}else e.type===n.Type.State&&(this._states.tags[e.name]?this._states.tags[e.name]=this._states.tags[e.name].concat(e.tags):this._states.tags[e.name]=e.tags,this._states.tags[e.name]=t.grep(this._states.tags[e.name],t.proxy(function(i,s){return t.inArray(i,this._states.tags[e.name])===s},this)))},n.prototype.suppress=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._supress[e]=!0},this))},n.prototype.release=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){delete this._supress[e]},this))},n.prototype.pointer=function(t){var i={x:null,y:null};return t=t.originalEvent||t||e.event,t=t.touches&&t.touches.length?t.touches[0]:t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length?t.changedTouches[0]:t,t.pageX?(i.x=t.pageX,i.y=t.pageY):(i.x=t.clientX,i.y=t.clientY),i},n.prototype.difference=function(t,e){return{x:t.x-e.x,y:t.y-e.y}},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel=function(e){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return this.each(function(){var s=t(this),o=s.data("owl.vccarousel");o||(o=new n(this,"object"==typeof e&&e),s.data("owl.vccarousel",o),t.each(["next","prev","to","destroy","refresh","replace","add","remove"],function(e,i){o.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:i}),o.$element.on(i+".owl.vccarousel.core",t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&t.relatedTarget!==this&&(this.suppress([i]),o[i].apply(this,[].slice.call(arguments,1)),this.release([i]))},o))})),"string"==typeof e&&"_"!==e.charAt(0)&&o[e].apply(o,i)})},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._interval=null,this._visible=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoRefresh&&this.watch()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoRefresh:!0,autoRefreshInterval:500},n.prototype.watch=function(){this._interval||(this._visible=this._core.$element.is(":visible"),this._interval=e.setInterval(t.proxy(this.refresh,this),this._core.settings.autoRefreshInterval))},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this._core.$element.is(":visible")!==this._visible&&(this._visible=!this._visible,this._core.$element.toggleClass("owl-hidden",!this._visible),this._visible&&this._core.invalidate("width")&&this._core.refresh())},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,i;e.clearInterval(this._interval);for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(i in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[i]&&(this[i]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoRefresh=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._loaded=[],this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel change.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace&&this._core.settings&&this._core.settings.lazyLoad&&(e.property&&"position"==e.property.name||"initialized"==e.type))for(var i=this._core.settings,s=i.center&&Math.ceil(i.items/2)||i.items,n=i.center&&-1*s||0,o=(e.property&&e.property.value||this._core.current())+n,r=this._core.clones().length,a=t.proxy(function(t,e){this.load(e)},this);n++-1||(n.each(t.proxy(function(i,s){var n,o=t(s),r=e.devicePixelRatio>1&&o.attr("data-src-retina")||o.attr("data-src");this._core.trigger("load",{element:o,url:r},"lazy"),o.is("img")?o.one("load.owl.lazy",t.proxy(function(){o.css("opacity",1),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this)).attr("src",r):(n=new Image,n.onload=t.proxy(function(){o.css({"background-image":"url("+r+")",opacity:"1"}),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this),n.src=r)},this)),this._loaded.push(s.get(0)))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this.handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this.handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Lazy=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&this.update()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&"position"==t.property.name&&this.update()},this),"loaded.owl.lazy":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&t.element.closest("."+this._core.settings.itemClass).index()===this._core.current()&&this.update()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoHeight:!1,autoHeightClass:"owl-height"},n.prototype.update=function(){this._core.$stage.parent().height(this._core.$stage.children().eq(this._core.current()).height()).addClass(this._core.settings.autoHeightClass)},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoHeight=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._videos={},this._playing=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.register({type:"state",name:"playing",tags:["interacting"]})},this),"resize.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.video&&this.isInFullScreen()&&t.preventDefault()},this),"refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.is("resizing")&&this._core.$stage.find(".cloned .owl-video-frame").remove()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&"position"===t.property.name&&this._playing&&this.stop()},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find(".owl-video");i.length&&(i.css("display","none"),this.fetch(i,t(e.content)))}},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.$element.on("click.owl.video",".owl-video-play-icon",t.proxy(function(t){this.play(t)},this))};n.Defaults={video:!1,videoHeight:!1,videoWidth:!1},n.prototype.fetch=function(t,e){var i=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")?"vimeo":"youtube",s=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")||t.attr("data-youtube-id"),n=t.attr("data-width")||this._core.settings.videoWidth,o=t.attr("data-height")||this._core.settings.videoHeight,r=t.attr("href");if(!r)throw new Error("Missing video URL.");if(s=r.match(/(http:|https:|)\/\/(player.|www.)?(vimeo\.com|youtu(be\.com|\.be|be\.googleapis\.com))\/(video\/|embed\/|watch\?v=|v\/)?([A-Za-z0-9._%-]*)(\&\S+)?/),s[3].indexOf("youtu")>-1)i="youtube";else{if(!(s[3].indexOf("vimeo")>-1))throw new Error("Video URL not 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t,e,i,s=this._core.clones().length/2,n=s+this._core.items().length,o=this._core.maximum(!0),r=this._core.settings,a=r.center||r.autoWidth||r.dotsData?1:r.dotsEach||r.items;if("page"!==r.slideBy&&(r.slideBy=Math.min(r.slideBy,r.items)),r.dots||"page"==r.slideBy)for(this._pages=[],t=s,e=0,i=0;n>t;t++){if(e>=a||0===e){if(this._pages.push({start:Math.min(o,t-s),end:t-s+a-1}),Math.min(o,t-s)===o)break;e=0,++i}e+=this._core.mergers(this._core.relative(t))}},n.prototype.draw=function(){var e,i=this._core.settings,s=this._core.items().length<=i.items,n=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),o=i.loop||i.rewind;this._controls.$relative.toggleClass("disabled",!i.nav||s),i.nav&&(this._controls.$previous.toggleClass("disabled",!o&&n<=this._core.minimum(!0)),this._controls.$next.toggleClass("disabled",!o&&n>=this._core.maximum(!0))),this._controls.$absolute.toggleClass("disabled",!i.dots||s),i.dots&&(e=this._pages.length-this._controls.$absolute.children().length,i.dotsData&&0!==e?this._controls.$absolute.html(this._templates.join("")):e>0?this._controls.$absolute.append(new Array(e+1).join(this._templates[0])):0>e&&this._controls.$absolute.children().slice(e).remove(),this._controls.$absolute.find(".active").removeClass("active"),this._controls.$absolute.children().eq(t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages)).addClass("active"))},n.prototype.onTrigger=function(e){var i=this._core.settings;e.page={index:t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),count:this._pages.length,size:i&&(i.center||i.autoWidth||i.dotsData?1:i.dotsEach||i.items)}},n.prototype.current=function(){var e=this._core.relative(this._core.current());return t.grep(this._pages,t.proxy(function(t,i){return t.start<=e&&t.end>=e},this)).pop()},n.prototype.getPosition=function(e){var i,s,n=this._core.settings;return"page"==n.slideBy?(i=t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),s=this._pages.length,e?++i:--i,i=this._pages[(i%s+s)%s].start):(i=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),s=this._core.items().length,e?i+=n.slideBy:i-=n.slideBy),i},n.prototype.next=function(e){t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!0),e)},n.prototype.prev=function(e){t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!1),e)},n.prototype.to=function(e,i,s){var n;s?t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(e,i):(n=this._pages.length,t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this._pages[(e%n+n)%n].start,i))},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Navigation=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){"use strict";var n=function(i){this._core=i,this._hashes={},this.$element=this._core.$element,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(i){i.namespace&&"URLHash"===this._core.settings.startPosition&&t(e).trigger("hashchange.owl.navigation")},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find("[data-hash]").andSelf("[data-hash]").attr("data-hash");if(!i)return;this._hashes[i]=e.content}},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(i){if(i.namespace&&"position"===i.property.name){var s=this._core.items(this._core.relative(this._core.current())),n=t.map(this._hashes,function(t,e){return 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!function(t,e,i,s){function n(e,i){this.settings=null,this.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,i),this.$element=t(e),this._handlers={},this._plugins={},this._supress={},this._current=null,this._speed=null,this._coordinates=[],this._breakpoint=null,this._width=null,this._items=[],this._clones=[],this._mergers=[],this._widths=[],this._invalidated={},this._pipe=[],this._drag={time:null,target:null,pointer:null,stage:{start:null,current:null},direction:null},this._states={current:{},tags:{initializing:["busy"],animating:["busy"],dragging:["interacting"]}},t.each(["onResize","onThrottledResize"],t.proxy(function(e,i){this._handlers[i]=t.proxy(this[i],this)},this)),t.each(n.Plugins,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._plugins[t[0].toLowerCase()+t.slice(1)]=new 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e=this.settings.margin||"",i=!this.settings.autoWidth,s=this.settings.rtl,n={width:"auto","margin-left":s?e:"","margin-right":s?"":e};!i&&this.$stage.children().css(n),t.css=n}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=(this.width()/this.settings.items).toFixed(3)-this.settings.margin,i=null,s=this._items.length,n=!this.settings.autoWidth,o=[];for(t.items={merge:!1,width:e};s--;)i=this._mergers[s],i=this.settings.mergeFit&&Math.min(i,this.settings.items)||i,t.items.merge=i>1||t.items.merge,o[s]=n?e*i:this._items[s].width();this._widths=o}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){var e=[],i=this._items,s=this.settings,n=Math.max(2*s.items,4),o=2*Math.ceil(i.length/2),r=s.loop&&i.length?s.rewind?n:Math.max(n,o):0,a="",h="";for(r/=2;r--;)e.push(this.normalize(e.length/2,!0)),a+=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML,e.push(this.normalize(i.length-1-(e.length-1)/2,!0)),h=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML+h;this._clones=e,t(a).addClass("cloned").appendTo(this.$stage),t(h).addClass("cloned").prependTo(this.$stage)}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(){for(var t=this.settings.rtl?1:-1,e=this._clones.length+this._items.length,i=-1,s=0,n=0,o=[];++ii;i++)t=this._coordinates[i-1]||0,e=Math.abs(this._coordinates[i])+o*n,(this.op(t,"<=",r)&&this.op(t,">",a)||this.op(e,"<",r)&&this.op(e,">",a))&&h.push(i);this.$stage.children(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$stage.children(":eq("+h.join("), 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RegExp("("+this.options.responsiveClass+"-)\\S+\\s","g"),"$1"+s))):n=t.extend({},this.options),(null===this.settings||this._breakpoint!==s)&&(this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"settings",value:n}}),this._breakpoint=s,this.settings=n,this.invalidate("settings"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"settings",value:this.settings}}))},n.prototype.optionsLogic=function(){this.settings.autoWidth&&(this.settings.stagePadding=!1,this.settings.merge=!1)},n.prototype.prepare=function(e){var i=this.trigger("prepare",{content:e});return i.data||(i.data=t("<"+this.settings.itemElement+"/>").addClass(this.options.itemClass).append(e)),this.trigger("prepared",{content:i.data}),i.data},n.prototype.update=function(){for(var e=0,i=this._pipe.length,s=t.proxy(function(t){return this[t]},this._invalidated),n={};i>e;)(this._invalidated.all||t.grep(this._pipe[e].filter,s).length>0)&&this._pipe[e].run(n),e++;this._invalidated={},!this.is("valid")&&this.enter("valid")},n.prototype.width=function(t){switch(t=t||n.Width.Default){case n.Width.Inner:case n.Width.Outer:return this._width;default:return this._width-2*this.settings.stagePadding+this.settings.margin}},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this.enter("refreshing"),this.trigger("refresh"),this.setup(),this.optionsLogic(),this.$element.addClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.update(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.leave("refreshing"),this.trigger("refreshed")},n.prototype.onThrottledResize=function(){e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.resizeTimer=e.setTimeout(this._handlers.onResize,this.settings.responsiveRefreshRate)},n.prototype.onResize=function(){return this._items.length?this._width===this.$element.width()?!1:this.$element.is(":visible")?(this.enter("resizing"),this.trigger("resize").isDefaultPrevented()?(this.leave("resizing"),!1):(this.invalidate("width"),this.refresh(),this.leave("resizing"),void this.trigger("resized"))):!1:!1},n.prototype.registerEventHandlers=function(){t.support.transition&&this.$stage.on(t.support.transition.end+".owl.core",t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&this.on(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize),this.settings.mouseDrag&&(this.$element.addClass(this.options.dragClass),this.$stage.on("mousedown.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("dragstart.owl.core selectstart.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.settings.touchDrag&&(this.$stage.on("touchstart.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("touchcancel.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)))},n.prototype.onDragStart=function(e){var s=null;3!==e.which&&(t.support.transform?(s=this.$stage.css("transform").replace(/.*\(|\)| /g,"").split(","),s={x:s[16===s.length?12:4],y:s[16===s.length?13:5]}):(s=this.$stage.position(),s={x:this.settings.rtl?s.left+this.$stage.width()-this.width()+this.settings.margin:s.left,y:s.top}),this.is("animating")&&(t.support.transform?this.animate(s.x):this.$stage.stop(),this.invalidate("position")),this.$element.toggleClass(this.options.grabClass,"mousedown"===e.type),this.speed(0),this._drag.time=(new Date).getTime(),this._drag.target=t(e.target),this._drag.stage.start=s,this._drag.stage.current=s,this._drag.pointer=this.pointer(e),t(i).on("mouseup.owl.core touchend.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)),t(i).one("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(function(e){var s=this.difference(this._drag.pointer,this.pointer(e));t(i).on("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragMove,this)),Math.abs(s.x)0^this.settings.rtl?"left":"right";t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.grabClass),(0!==s.x&&this.is("dragging")||!this.is("valid"))&&(this.speed(this.settings.dragEndSpeed||this.settings.smartSpeed),this.current(this.closest(n.x,0!==s.x?o:this._drag.direction)),this.invalidate("position"),this.update(),this._drag.direction=o,(Math.abs(s.x)>3||(new Date).getTime()-this._drag.time>300)&&this._drag.target.one("click.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.is("dragging")&&(this.leave("dragging"),this.trigger("dragged"))},n.prototype.closest=function(e,i){var s=-1,n=30,o=this.width(),r=this.coordinates();return this.settings.freeDrag||t.each(r,t.proxy(function(t,a){return e>a-n&&a+n>e?s=t:this.op(e,"<",a)&&this.op(e,">",r[t+1]||a-o)&&(s="left"===i?t+1:t),-1===s},this)),this.settings.loop||(this.op(e,">",r[this.minimum()])?s=e=this.minimum():this.op(e,"<",r[this.maximum()])&&(s=e=this.maximum())),s},n.prototype.animate=function(e){var i=this.speed()>0;this.is("animating")&&this.onTransitionEnd(),i&&(this.enter("animating"),this.trigger("translate")),t.support.transform3d&&t.support.transition?this.$stage.css({transform:"translate3d("+e+"px,0px,0px)",transition:this.speed()/1e3+"s"}):i?this.$stage.animate({left:e+"px"},this.speed(),this.settings.fallbackEasing,t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)):this.$stage.css({left:e+"px"})},n.prototype.is=function(t){return this._states.current[t]&&this._states.current[t]>0},n.prototype.current=function(t){if(t===s)return this._current;if(0===this._items.length)return s;if(t=this.normalize(t),this._current!==t){var e=this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"position",value:t}});e.data!==s&&(t=this.normalize(e.data)),this._current=t,this.invalidate("position"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"position",value:this._current}})}return this._current},n.prototype.invalidate=function(e){return"string"===t.type(e)&&(this._invalidated[e]=!0,this.is("valid")&&this.leave("valid")),t.map(this._invalidated,function(t,e){return e})},n.prototype.reset=function(t){t=this.normalize(t),t!==s&&(this._speed=0,this._current=t,this.suppress(["translate","translated"]),this.animate(this.coordinates(t)),this.release(["translate","translated"]))},n.prototype.normalize=function(e,i){var n=this._items.length,o=i?0:this._clones.length;return!t.isNumeric(e)||1>n?e=s:(0>e||e>=n+o)&&(e=((e-o/2)%n+n)%n+o/2),e},n.prototype.relative=function(t){return t-=this._clones.length/2,this.normalize(t,!0)},n.prototype.maximum=function(t){var e,i=this.settings,s=this._coordinates.length,n=Math.abs(this._coordinates[s-1])-this._width,o=-1;if(i.loop)s=this._clones.length/2+this._items.length-1;else if(i.autoWidth||i.merge)for(;s-o>1;)Math.abs(this._coordinates[e=s+o>>1])0)-(0>n),r=this._items.length,a=this.minimum(),h=this.maximum();this.settings.loop?(!this.settings.rewind&&Math.abs(n)>r/2&&(n+=-1*o*r),t=i+n,s=((t-a)%r+r)%r+a,s!==t&&h>=s-n&&s-n>0&&(i=s-n,t=s,this.reset(i))):this.settings.rewind?(h+=1,t=(t%h+h)%h):t=Math.max(a,Math.min(h,t)),this.speed(this.duration(i,t,e)),this.current(t),this.$element.is(":visible")&&this.update()},n.prototype.next=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())+1,t)},n.prototype.prev=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())-1,t)},n.prototype.onTransitionEnd=function(t){return t!==s&&(t.stopPropagation(),(t.target||t.srcElement||t.originalTarget)!==this.$stage.get(0))?!1:(this.leave("animating"),void this.trigger("translated"))},n.prototype.viewport=function(){var s;if(this.options.responsiveBaseElement!==e)s=t(this.options.responsiveBaseElement).width();else if(e.innerWidth)s=e.innerWidth;else{if(!i.documentElement||!i.documentElement.clientWidth)throw"Can not detect viewport width.";s=i.documentElement.clientWidth}return s},n.prototype.replace=function(e){this.$stage.empty(),this._items=[],e&&(e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e)),this.settings.nestedItemSelector&&(e=e.find("."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector)),e.filter(function(){return 1===this.nodeType}).each(t.proxy(function(t,e){e=this.prepare(e),this.$stage.append(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)},this)),this.reset(t.isNumeric(this.settings.startPosition)?this.settings.startPosition:0),this.invalidate("items")},n.prototype.add=function(e,i){var n=this.relative(this._current);i=i===s?this._items.length:this.normalize(i,!0),e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e),this.trigger("add",{content:e,position:i}),e=this.prepare(e),0===this._items.length||i===this._items.length?(0===this._items.length&&this.$stage.append(e),0!==this._items.length&&this._items[i-1].after(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)):(this._items[i].before(e),this._items.splice(i,0,e),this._mergers.splice(i,0,1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)),this._items[n]&&this.reset(this._items[n].index()),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("added",{content:e,position:i})},n.prototype.remove=function(t){t=this.normalize(t,!0),t!==s&&(this.trigger("remove",{content:this._items[t],position:t}),this._items[t].remove(),this._items.splice(t,1),this._mergers.splice(t,1),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("removed",{content:null,position:t}))},n.prototype.preloadAutoWidthImages=function(e){e.each(t.proxy(function(e,i){this.enter("pre-loading"),i=t(i),t(new Image).one("load",t.proxy(function(t){i.attr("src",t.target.src),i.css("opacity",1),this.leave("pre-loading"),!this.is("pre-loading")&&!this.is("initializing")&&this.refresh()},this)).attr("src",i.attr("src")||i.attr("data-src")||i.attr("data-src-retina"))},this))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){this.$element.off(".owl.core"),this.$stage.off(".owl.core"),t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&(e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.off(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize));for(var s in this._plugins)this._plugins[s].destroy();this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove(),this.$stage.unwrap(),this.$stage.children().contents().unwrap(),this.$stage.children().unwrap(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass).removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).removeClass(this.options.loadedClass).removeClass(this.options.rtlClass).removeClass(this.options.dragClass).removeClass(this.options.grabClass).attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp(this.options.responsiveClass+"-\\S+\\s","g"),"")).removeData("owl.vccarousel")},n.prototype.op=function(t,e,i){var s=this.settings.rtl;switch(e){case"<":return s?t>i:i>t;case">":return s?i>t:t>i;case">=":return s?i>=t:t>=i;case"<=":return s?t>=i:i>=t}},n.prototype.on=function(t,e,i,s){t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener(e,i,s):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.off=function(t,e,i,s){t.removeEventListener?t.removeEventListener(e,i,s):t.detachEvent&&t.detachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.trigger=function(e,i,s,o,r){var a={item:{count:this._items.length,index:this.current()}},h=t.camelCase(t.grep(["on",e,s],function(t){return t}).join("-").toLowerCase()),l=t.Event([e,"owl",s||"vccarousel"].join(".").toLowerCase(),t.extend({relatedTarget:this},a,i));return this._supress[e]||(t.each(this._plugins,function(t,e){e.onTrigger&&e.onTrigger(l)}),this.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:e}),this.$element.trigger(l),this.settings&&"function"==typeof this.settings[h]&&this.settings[h].call(this,l)),l},n.prototype.enter=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]===s&&(this._states.current[e]=0),this._states.current[e]++},this))},n.prototype.leave=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]--},this))},n.prototype.register=function(e){if(e.type===n.Type.Event){if(t.event.special[e.name]||(t.event.special[e.name]={}),!t.event.special[e.name].owl){var i=t.event.special[e.name]._default;t.event.special[e.name]._default=function(t){return!i||!i.apply||t.namespace&&-1!==t.namespace.indexOf("owl")?t.namespace&&t.namespace.indexOf("owl")>-1:i.apply(this,arguments)},t.event.special[e.name].owl=!0}}else e.type===n.Type.State&&(this._states.tags[e.name]?this._states.tags[e.name]=this._states.tags[e.name].concat(e.tags):this._states.tags[e.name]=e.tags,this._states.tags[e.name]=t.grep(this._states.tags[e.name],t.proxy(function(i,s){return t.inArray(i,this._states.tags[e.name])===s},this)))},n.prototype.suppress=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._supress[e]=!0},this))},n.prototype.release=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){delete this._supress[e]},this))},n.prototype.pointer=function(t){var i={x:null,y:null};return t=t.originalEvent||t||e.event,t=t.touches&&t.touches.length?t.touches[0]:t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length?t.changedTouches[0]:t,t.pageX?(i.x=t.pageX,i.y=t.pageY):(i.x=t.clientX,i.y=t.clientY),i},n.prototype.difference=function(t,e){return{x:t.x-e.x,y:t.y-e.y}},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel=function(e){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return this.each(function(){var s=t(this),o=s.data("owl.vccarousel");o||(o=new n(this,"object"==typeof e&&e),s.data("owl.vccarousel",o),t.each(["next","prev","to","destroy","refresh","replace","add","remove"],function(e,i){o.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:i}),o.$element.on(i+".owl.vccarousel.core",t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&t.relatedTarget!==this&&(this.suppress([i]),o[i].apply(this,[].slice.call(arguments,1)),this.release([i]))},o))})),"string"==typeof e&&"_"!==e.charAt(0)&&o[e].apply(o,i)})},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._interval=null,this._visible=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoRefresh&&this.watch()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoRefresh:!0,autoRefreshInterval:500},n.prototype.watch=function(){this._interval||(this._visible=this._core.$element.is(":visible"),this._interval=e.setInterval(t.proxy(this.refresh,this),this._core.settings.autoRefreshInterval))},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this._core.$element.is(":visible")!==this._visible&&(this._visible=!this._visible,this._core.$element.toggleClass("owl-hidden",!this._visible),this._visible&&this._core.invalidate("width")&&this._core.refresh())},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,i;e.clearInterval(this._interval);for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(i in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[i]&&(this[i]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoRefresh=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._loaded=[],this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel change.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace&&this._core.settings&&this._core.settings.lazyLoad&&(e.property&&"position"==e.property.name||"initialized"==e.type))for(var i=this._core.settings,s=i.center&&Math.ceil(i.items/2)||i.items,n=i.center&&-1*s||0,o=(e.property&&e.property.value||this._core.current())+n,r=this._core.clones().length,a=t.proxy(function(t,e){this.load(e)},this);n++-1||(n.each(t.proxy(function(i,s){var n,o=t(s),r=e.devicePixelRatio>1&&o.attr("data-src-retina")||o.attr("data-src");this._core.trigger("load",{element:o,url:r},"lazy"),o.is("img")?o.one("load.owl.lazy",t.proxy(function(){o.css("opacity",1),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this)).attr("src",r):(n=new Image,n.onload=t.proxy(function(){o.css({"background-image":"url("+r+")",opacity:"1"}),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this),n.src=r)},this)),this._loaded.push(s.get(0)))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this.handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this.handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Lazy=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&this.update()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&"position"==t.property.name&&this.update()},this),"loaded.owl.lazy":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&t.element.closest("."+this._core.settings.itemClass).index()===this._core.current()&&this.update()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoHeight:!1,autoHeightClass:"owl-height"},n.prototype.update=function(){this._core.$stage.parent().height(this._core.$stage.children().eq(this._core.current()).height()).addClass(this._core.settings.autoHeightClass)},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoHeight=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._videos={},this._playing=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.register({type:"state",name:"playing",tags:["interacting"]})},this),"resize.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.video&&this.isInFullScreen()&&t.preventDefault()},this),"refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.is("resizing")&&this._core.$stage.find(".cloned .owl-video-frame").remove()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&"position"===t.property.name&&this._playing&&this.stop()},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find(".owl-video");i.length&&(i.css("display","none"),this.fetch(i,t(e.content)))}},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.$element.on("click.owl.video",".owl-video-play-icon",t.proxy(function(t){this.play(t)},this))};n.Defaults={video:!1,videoHeight:!1,videoWidth:!1},n.prototype.fetch=function(t,e){var i=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")?"vimeo":"youtube",s=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")||t.attr("data-youtube-id"),n=t.attr("data-width")||this._core.settings.videoWidth,o=t.attr("data-height")||this._core.settings.videoHeight,r=t.attr("href");if(!r)throw new Error("Missing video URL.");if(s=r.match(/(http:|https:|)\/\/(player.|www.)?(vimeo\.com|youtu(be\.com|\.be|be\.googleapis\.com))\/(video\/|embed\/|watch\?v=|v\/)?([A-Za-z0-9._%-]*)(\&\S+)?/),s[3].indexOf("youtu")>-1)i="youtube";else{if(!(s[3].indexOf("vimeo")>-1))throw new Error("Video URL not supported.");i="vimeo"}s=s[6],this._videos[r]={type:i,id:s,width:n,height:o},e.attr("data-video",r),this.thumbnail(t,this._videos[r])},n.prototype.thumbnail=function(e,i){var s,n,o,r=i.width&&i.height?'style="width:'+i.width+"px;height:"+i.height+'px;"':"",a=e.find("img"),h="src",l="",c=this._core.settings,p=function(t){n='
',s=c.lazyLoad?'
':'
',e.after(s),e.after(n)};return e.wrap('
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cultural perspectives on gambling practices around the world - Metal Cut Production

Exploring cultural perspectives on gambling practices around the world

Exploring cultural perspectives on gambling practices around the world

The Historical Context of Gambling

Gambling has been a part of human culture for centuries, tracing back to ancient civilizations. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Chinese were playing games of chance as far back as 2,300 BCE, using tiles for a rudimentary form of lottery. In ancient Rome, gambling was not only common but also ingrained in the social fabric, often associated with public festivities. The Romans introduced various games that laid the groundwork for modern gambling, showcasing the interplay between chance and societal norms. Today, you can experience a wide variety of gaming options at online casinos like https://gamblingdata.net/casinos/casilando-casino/, which reflect this rich history.

Throughout history, the perception of gambling has fluctuated, affected by cultural, religious, and legal frameworks. In many societies, gambling was seen as a vice, leading to strict regulations. For instance, Islamic teachings generally prohibit gambling due to its association with risk and uncertainty, reflecting broader values of moderation and responsibility. Conversely, in cultures like those of Las Vegas or Macau, gambling has evolved into an economic powerhouse, with casinos serving as major tourist attractions that reflect a different attitude toward risk and entertainment.

This historical backdrop shapes modern perspectives on gambling practices across the globe, influencing regulations, societal attitudes, and even economic policies. For example, jurisdictions like the United Kingdom have embraced a more liberal approach to gambling, promoting responsible gaming while reaping economic benefits. In contrast, countries with strict anti-gambling laws often witness underground betting, highlighting the persistent allure of gambling despite cultural prohibitions.

Regional Variations in Gambling Practices

Gambling practices vary significantly from one region to another, influenced by local customs and values. In Asian cultures, for instance, gambling is often integrated into social gatherings and celebrations. The Lunar New Year in countries like China is marked by games of chance, symbolizing luck and prosperity for the year ahead. This cultural integration fosters a sense of community and shared experience, contrasting sharply with the individualistic approach often seen in Western gambling practices.

In the United States, gambling is often associated with entertainment rather than merely a means to win money. Casino resorts, especially in states like Nevada and New Jersey, combine gambling with luxury experiences, appealing to a broad audience. This duality reflects a cultural acceptance of risk-taking as part of the American Dream. Conversely, countries like Norway adopt a more cautious approach to gambling, where state-controlled systems manage betting, prioritizing player protection and responsible gambling practices.

The differences in gambling practices can also be seen in the types of games favored by various cultures. For example, while poker has gained immense popularity in the United States, traditional games like Mah Jongg dominate Asian gambling circles. This variation highlights how cultural narratives shape preferences, providing insight into the societal values that underpin these activities. Understanding these regional variations enhances our appreciation of gambling as a global phenomenon.

The Role of Technology in Modern Gambling

Technology has transformed gambling practices, making them more accessible and varied than ever before. The rise of online casinos and mobile gambling applications has democratized access to games, allowing individuals from different backgrounds to participate in gambling activities from the comfort of their homes. This shift has also sparked debates around responsible gambling, as the ease of access increases the potential for addiction, prompting authorities to implement stricter regulations.

In many Western countries, online platforms offer an extensive range of games, catering to diverse preferences. This includes live dealer games that mimic the casino experience, providing an immersive environment for players. Such innovations are reshaping how gambling is perceived, transitioning it from a purely physical experience to a multi-faceted digital engagement. However, this evolution also raises questions about player security, data privacy, and the potential for exploitation in an unregulated online market.

In contrast, some regions are slower to adopt technological advancements in gambling. For instance, in certain parts of Asia, traditional venues still dominate, reflecting a cultural preference for in-person interactions over digital experiences. However, as internet penetration increases, even these regions are beginning to see a shift toward online gambling. This evolution underscores the adaptability of cultural practices in the face of technological progress, highlighting the ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity in gambling.

Cultural Attitudes Toward Gambling and Its Consequences

The cultural attitude toward gambling significantly impacts both its acceptance and regulation within societies. In cultures where gambling is normalized, it often becomes a focal point for social interaction, celebrations, and community bonding. In places like Monte Carlo, gambling is seen as a glamorous activity, synonymous with prestige and sophistication. This positive cultural narrative promotes gambling as a legitimate form of entertainment, attracting tourists and enthusiasts alike.

Conversely, in cultures where gambling is viewed negatively, its repercussions can be severe. Stigmatization of gambling can lead to underground activities and gambling addiction issues, creating a cycle of social and economic challenges. Countries that prioritize education and prevention, like Sweden, often implement comprehensive support systems for those struggling with gambling addiction. These cultural narratives shape laws and community initiatives aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of gambling.

Furthermore, media representations of gambling often reflect these cultural attitudes, portraying either the allure of success or the pitfalls of addiction. Movies and television shows frequently depict gambling as a thrilling pursuit, while also emphasizing the darker consequences of excessive gambling. This duality in representation impacts societal perceptions and can influence legislation, public health initiatives, and community attitudes towards gambling.

Online Gambling Platforms and Their Global Impact

Online gambling platforms have revolutionized how people engage with gambling worldwide, breaking down geographical barriers and creating a global marketplace. Websites offering a multitude of games—from classic table games to innovative slot machines—cater to diverse audiences, transcending cultural boundaries. This globalization of gambling practices facilitates cross-cultural interactions and exchanges, allowing individuals from different backgrounds to share their experiences and preferences.

The impact of online gambling extends beyond mere participation; it has also sparked economic growth in various regions. Countries that embrace online gambling often see an influx of revenue, leading to increased taxation and funding for public projects. However, this rapid growth also raises questions about regulation, consumer protection, and the potential for problem gambling. As various countries grapple with these issues, the conversation around responsible gaming continues to evolve.

Furthermore, online gambling platforms frequently adapt their offerings to align with local cultural preferences, enhancing user engagement. For instance, platforms targeting Asian markets may include popular regional games, while those focusing on European audiences might emphasize sports betting. This customization underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity in gambling practices and highlights the adaptability of the industry in catering to diverse user bases.

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