!function(t,e,i,s){function n(e,i){this.settings=null,this.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,i),this.$element=t(e),this._handlers={},this._plugins={},this._supress={},this._current=null,this._speed=null,this._coordinates=[],this._breakpoint=null,this._width=null,this._items=[],this._clones=[],this._mergers=[],this._widths=[],this._invalidated={},this._pipe=[],this._drag={time:null,target:null,pointer:null,stage:{start:null,current:null},direction:null},this._states={current:{},tags:{initializing:["busy"],animating:["busy"],dragging:["interacting"]}},t.each(["onResize","onThrottledResize"],t.proxy(function(e,i){this._handlers[i]=t.proxy(this[i],this)},this)),t.each(n.Plugins,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._plugins[t[0].toLowerCase()+t.slice(1)]=new e(this)},this)),t.each(n.Workers,t.proxy(function(e,i){this._pipe.push({filter:i.filter,run:t.proxy(i.run,this)})},this)),this.setup(),this.initialize()}n.Defaults={items:3,loop:!1,center:!1,rewind:!1,mouseDrag:!0,touchDrag:!0,pullDrag:!0,freeDrag:!1,margin:0,stagePadding:0,merge:!1,mergeFit:!0,autoWidth:!1,startPosition:0,rtl:!1,smartSpeed:250,fluidSpeed:!1,dragEndSpeed:!1,responsive:{},responsiveRefreshRate:200,responsiveBaseElement:e,fallbackEasing:"swing",info:!1,nestedItemSelector:!1,itemElement:"div",stageElement:"div",refreshClass:"owl-refresh",loadedClass:"owl-loaded",loadingClass:"owl-loading",rtlClass:"owl-rtl",responsiveClass:"owl-responsive",dragClass:"owl-drag",itemClass:"owl-item",stageClass:"owl-stage",stageOuterClass:"owl-stage-outer",grabClass:"owl-grab"},n.Width={Default:"default",Inner:"inner",Outer:"outer"},n.Type={Event:"event",State:"state"},n.Plugins={},n.Workers=[{filter:["width","settings"],run:function(){this._width=this.$element.width()}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){t.current=this._items&&this._items[this.relative(this._current)]}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove()}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=this.settings.margin||"",i=!this.settings.autoWidth,s=this.settings.rtl,n={width:"auto","margin-left":s?e:"","margin-right":s?"":e};!i&&this.$stage.children().css(n),t.css=n}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=(this.width()/this.settings.items).toFixed(3)-this.settings.margin,i=null,s=this._items.length,n=!this.settings.autoWidth,o=[];for(t.items={merge:!1,width:e};s--;)i=this._mergers[s],i=this.settings.mergeFit&&Math.min(i,this.settings.items)||i,t.items.merge=i>1||t.items.merge,o[s]=n?e*i:this._items[s].width();this._widths=o}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){var e=[],i=this._items,s=this.settings,n=Math.max(2*s.items,4),o=2*Math.ceil(i.length/2),r=s.loop&&i.length?s.rewind?n:Math.max(n,o):0,a="",h="";for(r/=2;r--;)e.push(this.normalize(e.length/2,!0)),a+=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML,e.push(this.normalize(i.length-1-(e.length-1)/2,!0)),h=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML+h;this._clones=e,t(a).addClass("cloned").appendTo(this.$stage),t(h).addClass("cloned").prependTo(this.$stage)}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(){for(var t=this.settings.rtl?1:-1,e=this._clones.length+this._items.length,i=-1,s=0,n=0,o=[];++ii;i++)t=this._coordinates[i-1]||0,e=Math.abs(this._coordinates[i])+o*n,(this.op(t,"<=",r)&&this.op(t,">",a)||this.op(e,"<",r)&&this.op(e,">",a))&&h.push(i);this.$stage.children(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$stage.children(":eq("+h.join("), :eq(")+")").addClass("active"),this.settings.center&&(this.$stage.children(".center").removeClass("center"),this.$stage.children().eq(this.current()).addClass("center"))}}],n.prototype.initialize=function(){if(this.enter("initializing"),this.trigger("initialize"),this.$element.toggleClass(this.settings.rtlClass,this.settings.rtl),this.settings.autoWidth&&!this.is("pre-loading")){var e,i,n;e=this.$element.find("img"),i=this.settings.nestedItemSelector?"."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector:s,n=this.$element.children(i).width(),e.length&&0>=n&&this.preloadAutoWidthImages(e)}this.$element.addClass(this.options.loadingClass),this.$stage=t("<"+this.settings.stageElement+' class="'+this.settings.stageClass+'"/>').wrap('
'),this.$element.append(this.$stage.parent()),this.replace(this.$element.children().not(this.$stage.parent())),this.$element.is(":visible")?this.refresh():this.invalidate("width"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).addClass(this.options.loadedClass),this.registerEventHandlers(),this.leave("initializing"),this.trigger("initialized")},n.prototype.setup=function(){var e=this.viewport(),i=this.options.responsive,s=-1,n=null;i?(t.each(i,function(t){e>=t&&t>s&&(s=Number(t))}),n=t.extend({},this.options,i[s]),delete n.responsive,n.responsiveClass&&this.$element.attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp("("+this.options.responsiveClass+"-)\\S+\\s","g"),"$1"+s))):n=t.extend({},this.options),(null===this.settings||this._breakpoint!==s)&&(this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"settings",value:n}}),this._breakpoint=s,this.settings=n,this.invalidate("settings"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"settings",value:this.settings}}))},n.prototype.optionsLogic=function(){this.settings.autoWidth&&(this.settings.stagePadding=!1,this.settings.merge=!1)},n.prototype.prepare=function(e){var i=this.trigger("prepare",{content:e});return i.data||(i.data=t("<"+this.settings.itemElement+"/>").addClass(this.options.itemClass).append(e)),this.trigger("prepared",{content:i.data}),i.data},n.prototype.update=function(){for(var e=0,i=this._pipe.length,s=t.proxy(function(t){return this[t]},this._invalidated),n={};i>e;)(this._invalidated.all||t.grep(this._pipe[e].filter,s).length>0)&&this._pipe[e].run(n),e++;this._invalidated={},!this.is("valid")&&this.enter("valid")},n.prototype.width=function(t){switch(t=t||n.Width.Default){case n.Width.Inner:case n.Width.Outer:return this._width;default:return this._width-2*this.settings.stagePadding+this.settings.margin}},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this.enter("refreshing"),this.trigger("refresh"),this.setup(),this.optionsLogic(),this.$element.addClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.update(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.leave("refreshing"),this.trigger("refreshed")},n.prototype.onThrottledResize=function(){e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.resizeTimer=e.setTimeout(this._handlers.onResize,this.settings.responsiveRefreshRate)},n.prototype.onResize=function(){return this._items.length?this._width===this.$element.width()?!1:this.$element.is(":visible")?(this.enter("resizing"),this.trigger("resize").isDefaultPrevented()?(this.leave("resizing"),!1):(this.invalidate("width"),this.refresh(),this.leave("resizing"),void this.trigger("resized"))):!1:!1},n.prototype.registerEventHandlers=function(){t.support.transition&&this.$stage.on(t.support.transition.end+".owl.core",t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&this.on(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize),this.settings.mouseDrag&&(this.$element.addClass(this.options.dragClass),this.$stage.on("mousedown.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("dragstart.owl.core selectstart.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.settings.touchDrag&&(this.$stage.on("touchstart.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("touchcancel.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)))},n.prototype.onDragStart=function(e){var s=null;3!==e.which&&(t.support.transform?(s=this.$stage.css("transform").replace(/.*\(|\)| /g,"").split(","),s={x:s[16===s.length?12:4],y:s[16===s.length?13:5]}):(s=this.$stage.position(),s={x:this.settings.rtl?s.left+this.$stage.width()-this.width()+this.settings.margin:s.left,y:s.top}),this.is("animating")&&(t.support.transform?this.animate(s.x):this.$stage.stop(),this.invalidate("position")),this.$element.toggleClass(this.options.grabClass,"mousedown"===e.type),this.speed(0),this._drag.time=(new Date).getTime(),this._drag.target=t(e.target),this._drag.stage.start=s,this._drag.stage.current=s,this._drag.pointer=this.pointer(e),t(i).on("mouseup.owl.core touchend.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)),t(i).one("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(function(e){var s=this.difference(this._drag.pointer,this.pointer(e));t(i).on("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragMove,this)),Math.abs(s.x)0^this.settings.rtl?"left":"right";t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.grabClass),(0!==s.x&&this.is("dragging")||!this.is("valid"))&&(this.speed(this.settings.dragEndSpeed||this.settings.smartSpeed),this.current(this.closest(n.x,0!==s.x?o:this._drag.direction)),this.invalidate("position"),this.update(),this._drag.direction=o,(Math.abs(s.x)>3||(new Date).getTime()-this._drag.time>300)&&this._drag.target.one("click.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.is("dragging")&&(this.leave("dragging"),this.trigger("dragged"))},n.prototype.closest=function(e,i){var s=-1,n=30,o=this.width(),r=this.coordinates();return this.settings.freeDrag||t.each(r,t.proxy(function(t,a){return e>a-n&&a+n>e?s=t:this.op(e,"<",a)&&this.op(e,">",r[t+1]||a-o)&&(s="left"===i?t+1:t),-1===s},this)),this.settings.loop||(this.op(e,">",r[this.minimum()])?s=e=this.minimum():this.op(e,"<",r[this.maximum()])&&(s=e=this.maximum())),s},n.prototype.animate=function(e){var i=this.speed()>0;this.is("animating")&&this.onTransitionEnd(),i&&(this.enter("animating"),this.trigger("translate")),t.support.transform3d&&t.support.transition?this.$stage.css({transform:"translate3d("+e+"px,0px,0px)",transition:this.speed()/1e3+"s"}):i?this.$stage.animate({left:e+"px"},this.speed(),this.settings.fallbackEasing,t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)):this.$stage.css({left:e+"px"})},n.prototype.is=function(t){return this._states.current[t]&&this._states.current[t]>0},n.prototype.current=function(t){if(t===s)return this._current;if(0===this._items.length)return s;if(t=this.normalize(t),this._current!==t){var e=this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"position",value:t}});e.data!==s&&(t=this.normalize(e.data)),this._current=t,this.invalidate("position"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"position",value:this._current}})}return this._current},n.prototype.invalidate=function(e){return"string"===t.type(e)&&(this._invalidated[e]=!0,this.is("valid")&&this.leave("valid")),t.map(this._invalidated,function(t,e){return e})},n.prototype.reset=function(t){t=this.normalize(t),t!==s&&(this._speed=0,this._current=t,this.suppress(["translate","translated"]),this.animate(this.coordinates(t)),this.release(["translate","translated"]))},n.prototype.normalize=function(e,i){var n=this._items.length,o=i?0:this._clones.length;return!t.isNumeric(e)||1>n?e=s:(0>e||e>=n+o)&&(e=((e-o/2)%n+n)%n+o/2),e},n.prototype.relative=function(t){return t-=this._clones.length/2,this.normalize(t,!0)},n.prototype.maximum=function(t){var e,i=this.settings,s=this._coordinates.length,n=Math.abs(this._coordinates[s-1])-this._width,o=-1;if(i.loop)s=this._clones.length/2+this._items.length-1;else if(i.autoWidth||i.merge)for(;s-o>1;)Math.abs(this._coordinates[e=s+o>>1])0)-(0>n),r=this._items.length,a=this.minimum(),h=this.maximum();this.settings.loop?(!this.settings.rewind&&Math.abs(n)>r/2&&(n+=-1*o*r),t=i+n,s=((t-a)%r+r)%r+a,s!==t&&h>=s-n&&s-n>0&&(i=s-n,t=s,this.reset(i))):this.settings.rewind?(h+=1,t=(t%h+h)%h):t=Math.max(a,Math.min(h,t)),this.speed(this.duration(i,t,e)),this.current(t),this.$element.is(":visible")&&this.update()},n.prototype.next=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())+1,t)},n.prototype.prev=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())-1,t)},n.prototype.onTransitionEnd=function(t){return t!==s&&(t.stopPropagation(),(t.target||t.srcElement||t.originalTarget)!==this.$stage.get(0))?!1:(this.leave("animating"),void this.trigger("translated"))},n.prototype.viewport=function(){var s;if(this.options.responsiveBaseElement!==e)s=t(this.options.responsiveBaseElement).width();else if(e.innerWidth)s=e.innerWidth;else{if(!i.documentElement||!i.documentElement.clientWidth)throw"Can not detect viewport width.";s=i.documentElement.clientWidth}return s},n.prototype.replace=function(e){this.$stage.empty(),this._items=[],e&&(e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e)),this.settings.nestedItemSelector&&(e=e.find("."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector)),e.filter(function(){return 1===this.nodeType}).each(t.proxy(function(t,e){e=this.prepare(e),this.$stage.append(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)},this)),this.reset(t.isNumeric(this.settings.startPosition)?this.settings.startPosition:0),this.invalidate("items")},n.prototype.add=function(e,i){var n=this.relative(this._current);i=i===s?this._items.length:this.normalize(i,!0),e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e),this.trigger("add",{content:e,position:i}),e=this.prepare(e),0===this._items.length||i===this._items.length?(0===this._items.length&&this.$stage.append(e),0!==this._items.length&&this._items[i-1].after(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)):(this._items[i].before(e),this._items.splice(i,0,e),this._mergers.splice(i,0,1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)),this._items[n]&&this.reset(this._items[n].index()),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("added",{content:e,position:i})},n.prototype.remove=function(t){t=this.normalize(t,!0),t!==s&&(this.trigger("remove",{content:this._items[t],position:t}),this._items[t].remove(),this._items.splice(t,1),this._mergers.splice(t,1),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("removed",{content:null,position:t}))},n.prototype.preloadAutoWidthImages=function(e){e.each(t.proxy(function(e,i){this.enter("pre-loading"),i=t(i),t(new Image).one("load",t.proxy(function(t){i.attr("src",t.target.src),i.css("opacity",1),this.leave("pre-loading"),!this.is("pre-loading")&&!this.is("initializing")&&this.refresh()},this)).attr("src",i.attr("src")||i.attr("data-src")||i.attr("data-src-retina"))},this))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){this.$element.off(".owl.core"),this.$stage.off(".owl.core"),t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&(e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.off(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize));for(var s in this._plugins)this._plugins[s].destroy();this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove(),this.$stage.unwrap(),this.$stage.children().contents().unwrap(),this.$stage.children().unwrap(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass).removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).removeClass(this.options.loadedClass).removeClass(this.options.rtlClass).removeClass(this.options.dragClass).removeClass(this.options.grabClass).attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp(this.options.responsiveClass+"-\\S+\\s","g"),"")).removeData("owl.vccarousel")},n.prototype.op=function(t,e,i){var s=this.settings.rtl;switch(e){case"<":return s?t>i:i>t;case">":return s?i>t:t>i;case">=":return s?i>=t:t>=i;case"<=":return s?t>=i:i>=t}},n.prototype.on=function(t,e,i,s){t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener(e,i,s):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.off=function(t,e,i,s){t.removeEventListener?t.removeEventListener(e,i,s):t.detachEvent&&t.detachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.trigger=function(e,i,s,o,r){var a={item:{count:this._items.length,index:this.current()}},h=t.camelCase(t.grep(["on",e,s],function(t){return t}).join("-").toLowerCase()),l=t.Event([e,"owl",s||"vccarousel"].join(".").toLowerCase(),t.extend({relatedTarget:this},a,i));return this._supress[e]||(t.each(this._plugins,function(t,e){e.onTrigger&&e.onTrigger(l)}),this.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:e}),this.$element.trigger(l),this.settings&&"function"==typeof this.settings[h]&&this.settings[h].call(this,l)),l},n.prototype.enter=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]===s&&(this._states.current[e]=0),this._states.current[e]++},this))},n.prototype.leave=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]--},this))},n.prototype.register=function(e){if(e.type===n.Type.Event){if(t.event.special[e.name]||(t.event.special[e.name]={}),!t.event.special[e.name].owl){var i=t.event.special[e.name]._default;t.event.special[e.name]._default=function(t){return!i||!i.apply||t.namespace&&-1!==t.namespace.indexOf("owl")?t.namespace&&t.namespace.indexOf("owl")>-1:i.apply(this,arguments)},t.event.special[e.name].owl=!0}}else e.type===n.Type.State&&(this._states.tags[e.name]?this._states.tags[e.name]=this._states.tags[e.name].concat(e.tags):this._states.tags[e.name]=e.tags,this._states.tags[e.name]=t.grep(this._states.tags[e.name],t.proxy(function(i,s){return t.inArray(i,this._states.tags[e.name])===s},this)))},n.prototype.suppress=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._supress[e]=!0},this))},n.prototype.release=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){delete this._supress[e]},this))},n.prototype.pointer=function(t){var i={x:null,y:null};return t=t.originalEvent||t||e.event,t=t.touches&&t.touches.length?t.touches[0]:t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length?t.changedTouches[0]:t,t.pageX?(i.x=t.pageX,i.y=t.pageY):(i.x=t.clientX,i.y=t.clientY),i},n.prototype.difference=function(t,e){return{x:t.x-e.x,y:t.y-e.y}},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel=function(e){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return this.each(function(){var s=t(this),o=s.data("owl.vccarousel");o||(o=new n(this,"object"==typeof e&&e),s.data("owl.vccarousel",o),t.each(["next","prev","to","destroy","refresh","replace","add","remove"],function(e,i){o.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:i}),o.$element.on(i+".owl.vccarousel.core",t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&t.relatedTarget!==this&&(this.suppress([i]),o[i].apply(this,[].slice.call(arguments,1)),this.release([i]))},o))})),"string"==typeof e&&"_"!==e.charAt(0)&&o[e].apply(o,i)})},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._interval=null,this._visible=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoRefresh&&this.watch()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoRefresh:!0,autoRefreshInterval:500},n.prototype.watch=function(){this._interval||(this._visible=this._core.$element.is(":visible"),this._interval=e.setInterval(t.proxy(this.refresh,this),this._core.settings.autoRefreshInterval))},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this._core.$element.is(":visible")!==this._visible&&(this._visible=!this._visible,this._core.$element.toggleClass("owl-hidden",!this._visible),this._visible&&this._core.invalidate("width")&&this._core.refresh())},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,i;e.clearInterval(this._interval);for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(i in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[i]&&(this[i]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoRefresh=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._loaded=[],this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel change.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace&&this._core.settings&&this._core.settings.lazyLoad&&(e.property&&"position"==e.property.name||"initialized"==e.type))for(var i=this._core.settings,s=i.center&&Math.ceil(i.items/2)||i.items,n=i.center&&-1*s||0,o=(e.property&&e.property.value||this._core.current())+n,r=this._core.clones().length,a=t.proxy(function(t,e){this.load(e)},this);n++-1||(n.each(t.proxy(function(i,s){var n,o=t(s),r=e.devicePixelRatio>1&&o.attr("data-src-retina")||o.attr("data-src");this._core.trigger("load",{element:o,url:r},"lazy"),o.is("img")?o.one("load.owl.lazy",t.proxy(function(){o.css("opacity",1),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this)).attr("src",r):(n=new Image,n.onload=t.proxy(function(){o.css({"background-image":"url("+r+")",opacity:"1"}),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this),n.src=r)},this)),this._loaded.push(s.get(0)))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this.handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this.handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Lazy=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&this.update()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&"position"==t.property.name&&this.update()},this),"loaded.owl.lazy":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&t.element.closest("."+this._core.settings.itemClass).index()===this._core.current()&&this.update()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoHeight:!1,autoHeightClass:"owl-height"},n.prototype.update=function(){this._core.$stage.parent().height(this._core.$stage.children().eq(this._core.current()).height()).addClass(this._core.settings.autoHeightClass)},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoHeight=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._videos={},this._playing=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.register({type:"state",name:"playing",tags:["interacting"]})},this),"resize.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.video&&this.isInFullScreen()&&t.preventDefault()},this),"refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.is("resizing")&&this._core.$stage.find(".cloned .owl-video-frame").remove()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&"position"===t.property.name&&this._playing&&this.stop()},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find(".owl-video");i.length&&(i.css("display","none"),this.fetch(i,t(e.content)))}},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.$element.on("click.owl.video",".owl-video-play-icon",t.proxy(function(t){this.play(t)},this))};n.Defaults={video:!1,videoHeight:!1,videoWidth:!1},n.prototype.fetch=function(t,e){var i=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")?"vimeo":"youtube",s=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")||t.attr("data-youtube-id"),n=t.attr("data-width")||this._core.settings.videoWidth,o=t.attr("data-height")||this._core.settings.videoHeight,r=t.attr("href");if(!r)throw new Error("Missing video URL.");if(s=r.match(/(http:|https:|)\/\/(player.|www.)?(vimeo\.com|youtu(be\.com|\.be|be\.googleapis\.com))\/(video\/|embed\/|watch\?v=|v\/)?([A-Za-z0-9._%-]*)(\&\S+)?/),s[3].indexOf("youtu")>-1)i="youtube";else{if(!(s[3].indexOf("vimeo")>-1))throw new Error("Video URL not 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t,e,i,s=this._core.clones().length/2,n=s+this._core.items().length,o=this._core.maximum(!0),r=this._core.settings,a=r.center||r.autoWidth||r.dotsData?1:r.dotsEach||r.items;if("page"!==r.slideBy&&(r.slideBy=Math.min(r.slideBy,r.items)),r.dots||"page"==r.slideBy)for(this._pages=[],t=s,e=0,i=0;n>t;t++){if(e>=a||0===e){if(this._pages.push({start:Math.min(o,t-s),end:t-s+a-1}),Math.min(o,t-s)===o)break;e=0,++i}e+=this._core.mergers(this._core.relative(t))}},n.prototype.draw=function(){var e,i=this._core.settings,s=this._core.items().length<=i.items,n=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),o=i.loop||i.rewind;this._controls.$relative.toggleClass("disabled",!i.nav||s),i.nav&&(this._controls.$previous.toggleClass("disabled",!o&&n<=this._core.minimum(!0)),this._controls.$next.toggleClass("disabled",!o&&n>=this._core.maximum(!0))),this._controls.$absolute.toggleClass("disabled",!i.dots||s),i.dots&&(e=this._pages.length-this._controls.$absolute.children().length,i.dotsData&&0!==e?this._controls.$absolute.html(this._templates.join("")):e>0?this._controls.$absolute.append(new Array(e+1).join(this._templates[0])):0>e&&this._controls.$absolute.children().slice(e).remove(),this._controls.$absolute.find(".active").removeClass("active"),this._controls.$absolute.children().eq(t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages)).addClass("active"))},n.prototype.onTrigger=function(e){var i=this._core.settings;e.page={index:t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),count:this._pages.length,size:i&&(i.center||i.autoWidth||i.dotsData?1:i.dotsEach||i.items)}},n.prototype.current=function(){var e=this._core.relative(this._core.current());return t.grep(this._pages,t.proxy(function(t,i){return t.start<=e&&t.end>=e},this)).pop()},n.prototype.getPosition=function(e){var i,s,n=this._core.settings;return"page"==n.slideBy?(i=t.inArray(this.current(),this._pages),s=this._pages.length,e?++i:--i,i=this._pages[(i%s+s)%s].start):(i=this._core.relative(this._core.current()),s=this._core.items().length,e?i+=n.slideBy:i-=n.slideBy),i},n.prototype.next=function(e){t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!0),e)},n.prototype.prev=function(e){t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this.getPosition(!1),e)},n.prototype.to=function(e,i,s){var n;s?t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(e,i):(n=this._pages.length,t.proxy(this._overrides.to,this._core)(this._pages[(e%n+n)%n].start,i))},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Navigation=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){"use strict";var n=function(i){this._core=i,this._hashes={},this.$element=this._core.$element,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(i){i.namespace&&"URLHash"===this._core.settings.startPosition&&t(e).trigger("hashchange.owl.navigation")},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find("[data-hash]").andSelf("[data-hash]").attr("data-hash");if(!i)return;this._hashes[i]=e.content}},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(i){if(i.namespace&&"position"===i.property.name){var s=this._core.items(this._core.relative(this._core.current())),n=t.map(this._hashes,function(t,e){return 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!function(t,e,i,s){function n(e,i){this.settings=null,this.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,i),this.$element=t(e),this._handlers={},this._plugins={},this._supress={},this._current=null,this._speed=null,this._coordinates=[],this._breakpoint=null,this._width=null,this._items=[],this._clones=[],this._mergers=[],this._widths=[],this._invalidated={},this._pipe=[],this._drag={time:null,target:null,pointer:null,stage:{start:null,current:null},direction:null},this._states={current:{},tags:{initializing:["busy"],animating:["busy"],dragging:["interacting"]}},t.each(["onResize","onThrottledResize"],t.proxy(function(e,i){this._handlers[i]=t.proxy(this[i],this)},this)),t.each(n.Plugins,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._plugins[t[0].toLowerCase()+t.slice(1)]=new 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e=this.settings.margin||"",i=!this.settings.autoWidth,s=this.settings.rtl,n={width:"auto","margin-left":s?e:"","margin-right":s?"":e};!i&&this.$stage.children().css(n),t.css=n}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(t){var e=(this.width()/this.settings.items).toFixed(3)-this.settings.margin,i=null,s=this._items.length,n=!this.settings.autoWidth,o=[];for(t.items={merge:!1,width:e};s--;)i=this._mergers[s],i=this.settings.mergeFit&&Math.min(i,this.settings.items)||i,t.items.merge=i>1||t.items.merge,o[s]=n?e*i:this._items[s].width();this._widths=o}},{filter:["items","settings"],run:function(){var e=[],i=this._items,s=this.settings,n=Math.max(2*s.items,4),o=2*Math.ceil(i.length/2),r=s.loop&&i.length?s.rewind?n:Math.max(n,o):0,a="",h="";for(r/=2;r--;)e.push(this.normalize(e.length/2,!0)),a+=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML,e.push(this.normalize(i.length-1-(e.length-1)/2,!0)),h=i[e[e.length-1]][0].outerHTML+h;this._clones=e,t(a).addClass("cloned").appendTo(this.$stage),t(h).addClass("cloned").prependTo(this.$stage)}},{filter:["width","items","settings"],run:function(){for(var t=this.settings.rtl?1:-1,e=this._clones.length+this._items.length,i=-1,s=0,n=0,o=[];++ii;i++)t=this._coordinates[i-1]||0,e=Math.abs(this._coordinates[i])+o*n,(this.op(t,"<=",r)&&this.op(t,">",a)||this.op(e,"<",r)&&this.op(e,">",a))&&h.push(i);this.$stage.children(".active").removeClass("active"),this.$stage.children(":eq("+h.join("), 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RegExp("("+this.options.responsiveClass+"-)\\S+\\s","g"),"$1"+s))):n=t.extend({},this.options),(null===this.settings||this._breakpoint!==s)&&(this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"settings",value:n}}),this._breakpoint=s,this.settings=n,this.invalidate("settings"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"settings",value:this.settings}}))},n.prototype.optionsLogic=function(){this.settings.autoWidth&&(this.settings.stagePadding=!1,this.settings.merge=!1)},n.prototype.prepare=function(e){var i=this.trigger("prepare",{content:e});return i.data||(i.data=t("<"+this.settings.itemElement+"/>").addClass(this.options.itemClass).append(e)),this.trigger("prepared",{content:i.data}),i.data},n.prototype.update=function(){for(var e=0,i=this._pipe.length,s=t.proxy(function(t){return this[t]},this._invalidated),n={};i>e;)(this._invalidated.all||t.grep(this._pipe[e].filter,s).length>0)&&this._pipe[e].run(n),e++;this._invalidated={},!this.is("valid")&&this.enter("valid")},n.prototype.width=function(t){switch(t=t||n.Width.Default){case n.Width.Inner:case n.Width.Outer:return this._width;default:return this._width-2*this.settings.stagePadding+this.settings.margin}},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this.enter("refreshing"),this.trigger("refresh"),this.setup(),this.optionsLogic(),this.$element.addClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.update(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass),this.leave("refreshing"),this.trigger("refreshed")},n.prototype.onThrottledResize=function(){e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.resizeTimer=e.setTimeout(this._handlers.onResize,this.settings.responsiveRefreshRate)},n.prototype.onResize=function(){return this._items.length?this._width===this.$element.width()?!1:this.$element.is(":visible")?(this.enter("resizing"),this.trigger("resize").isDefaultPrevented()?(this.leave("resizing"),!1):(this.invalidate("width"),this.refresh(),this.leave("resizing"),void this.trigger("resized"))):!1:!1},n.prototype.registerEventHandlers=function(){t.support.transition&&this.$stage.on(t.support.transition.end+".owl.core",t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&this.on(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize),this.settings.mouseDrag&&(this.$element.addClass(this.options.dragClass),this.$stage.on("mousedown.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("dragstart.owl.core selectstart.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.settings.touchDrag&&(this.$stage.on("touchstart.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragStart,this)),this.$stage.on("touchcancel.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)))},n.prototype.onDragStart=function(e){var s=null;3!==e.which&&(t.support.transform?(s=this.$stage.css("transform").replace(/.*\(|\)| /g,"").split(","),s={x:s[16===s.length?12:4],y:s[16===s.length?13:5]}):(s=this.$stage.position(),s={x:this.settings.rtl?s.left+this.$stage.width()-this.width()+this.settings.margin:s.left,y:s.top}),this.is("animating")&&(t.support.transform?this.animate(s.x):this.$stage.stop(),this.invalidate("position")),this.$element.toggleClass(this.options.grabClass,"mousedown"===e.type),this.speed(0),this._drag.time=(new Date).getTime(),this._drag.target=t(e.target),this._drag.stage.start=s,this._drag.stage.current=s,this._drag.pointer=this.pointer(e),t(i).on("mouseup.owl.core touchend.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragEnd,this)),t(i).one("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(function(e){var s=this.difference(this._drag.pointer,this.pointer(e));t(i).on("mousemove.owl.core touchmove.owl.core",t.proxy(this.onDragMove,this)),Math.abs(s.x)0^this.settings.rtl?"left":"right";t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.grabClass),(0!==s.x&&this.is("dragging")||!this.is("valid"))&&(this.speed(this.settings.dragEndSpeed||this.settings.smartSpeed),this.current(this.closest(n.x,0!==s.x?o:this._drag.direction)),this.invalidate("position"),this.update(),this._drag.direction=o,(Math.abs(s.x)>3||(new Date).getTime()-this._drag.time>300)&&this._drag.target.one("click.owl.core",function(){return!1})),this.is("dragging")&&(this.leave("dragging"),this.trigger("dragged"))},n.prototype.closest=function(e,i){var s=-1,n=30,o=this.width(),r=this.coordinates();return this.settings.freeDrag||t.each(r,t.proxy(function(t,a){return e>a-n&&a+n>e?s=t:this.op(e,"<",a)&&this.op(e,">",r[t+1]||a-o)&&(s="left"===i?t+1:t),-1===s},this)),this.settings.loop||(this.op(e,">",r[this.minimum()])?s=e=this.minimum():this.op(e,"<",r[this.maximum()])&&(s=e=this.maximum())),s},n.prototype.animate=function(e){var i=this.speed()>0;this.is("animating")&&this.onTransitionEnd(),i&&(this.enter("animating"),this.trigger("translate")),t.support.transform3d&&t.support.transition?this.$stage.css({transform:"translate3d("+e+"px,0px,0px)",transition:this.speed()/1e3+"s"}):i?this.$stage.animate({left:e+"px"},this.speed(),this.settings.fallbackEasing,t.proxy(this.onTransitionEnd,this)):this.$stage.css({left:e+"px"})},n.prototype.is=function(t){return this._states.current[t]&&this._states.current[t]>0},n.prototype.current=function(t){if(t===s)return this._current;if(0===this._items.length)return s;if(t=this.normalize(t),this._current!==t){var e=this.trigger("change",{property:{name:"position",value:t}});e.data!==s&&(t=this.normalize(e.data)),this._current=t,this.invalidate("position"),this.trigger("changed",{property:{name:"position",value:this._current}})}return this._current},n.prototype.invalidate=function(e){return"string"===t.type(e)&&(this._invalidated[e]=!0,this.is("valid")&&this.leave("valid")),t.map(this._invalidated,function(t,e){return e})},n.prototype.reset=function(t){t=this.normalize(t),t!==s&&(this._speed=0,this._current=t,this.suppress(["translate","translated"]),this.animate(this.coordinates(t)),this.release(["translate","translated"]))},n.prototype.normalize=function(e,i){var n=this._items.length,o=i?0:this._clones.length;return!t.isNumeric(e)||1>n?e=s:(0>e||e>=n+o)&&(e=((e-o/2)%n+n)%n+o/2),e},n.prototype.relative=function(t){return t-=this._clones.length/2,this.normalize(t,!0)},n.prototype.maximum=function(t){var e,i=this.settings,s=this._coordinates.length,n=Math.abs(this._coordinates[s-1])-this._width,o=-1;if(i.loop)s=this._clones.length/2+this._items.length-1;else if(i.autoWidth||i.merge)for(;s-o>1;)Math.abs(this._coordinates[e=s+o>>1])0)-(0>n),r=this._items.length,a=this.minimum(),h=this.maximum();this.settings.loop?(!this.settings.rewind&&Math.abs(n)>r/2&&(n+=-1*o*r),t=i+n,s=((t-a)%r+r)%r+a,s!==t&&h>=s-n&&s-n>0&&(i=s-n,t=s,this.reset(i))):this.settings.rewind?(h+=1,t=(t%h+h)%h):t=Math.max(a,Math.min(h,t)),this.speed(this.duration(i,t,e)),this.current(t),this.$element.is(":visible")&&this.update()},n.prototype.next=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())+1,t)},n.prototype.prev=function(t){t=t||!1,this.to(this.relative(this.current())-1,t)},n.prototype.onTransitionEnd=function(t){return t!==s&&(t.stopPropagation(),(t.target||t.srcElement||t.originalTarget)!==this.$stage.get(0))?!1:(this.leave("animating"),void this.trigger("translated"))},n.prototype.viewport=function(){var s;if(this.options.responsiveBaseElement!==e)s=t(this.options.responsiveBaseElement).width();else if(e.innerWidth)s=e.innerWidth;else{if(!i.documentElement||!i.documentElement.clientWidth)throw"Can not detect viewport width.";s=i.documentElement.clientWidth}return s},n.prototype.replace=function(e){this.$stage.empty(),this._items=[],e&&(e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e)),this.settings.nestedItemSelector&&(e=e.find("."+this.settings.nestedItemSelector)),e.filter(function(){return 1===this.nodeType}).each(t.proxy(function(t,e){e=this.prepare(e),this.$stage.append(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)},this)),this.reset(t.isNumeric(this.settings.startPosition)?this.settings.startPosition:0),this.invalidate("items")},n.prototype.add=function(e,i){var n=this.relative(this._current);i=i===s?this._items.length:this.normalize(i,!0),e=e instanceof jQuery?e:t(e),this.trigger("add",{content:e,position:i}),e=this.prepare(e),0===this._items.length||i===this._items.length?(0===this._items.length&&this.$stage.append(e),0!==this._items.length&&this._items[i-1].after(e),this._items.push(e),this._mergers.push(1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)):(this._items[i].before(e),this._items.splice(i,0,e),this._mergers.splice(i,0,1*e.find("[data-merge]").andSelf("[data-merge]").attr("data-merge")||1)),this._items[n]&&this.reset(this._items[n].index()),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("added",{content:e,position:i})},n.prototype.remove=function(t){t=this.normalize(t,!0),t!==s&&(this.trigger("remove",{content:this._items[t],position:t}),this._items[t].remove(),this._items.splice(t,1),this._mergers.splice(t,1),this.invalidate("items"),this.trigger("removed",{content:null,position:t}))},n.prototype.preloadAutoWidthImages=function(e){e.each(t.proxy(function(e,i){this.enter("pre-loading"),i=t(i),t(new Image).one("load",t.proxy(function(t){i.attr("src",t.target.src),i.css("opacity",1),this.leave("pre-loading"),!this.is("pre-loading")&&!this.is("initializing")&&this.refresh()},this)).attr("src",i.attr("src")||i.attr("data-src")||i.attr("data-src-retina"))},this))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){this.$element.off(".owl.core"),this.$stage.off(".owl.core"),t(i).off(".owl.core"),this.settings.responsive!==!1&&(e.clearTimeout(this.resizeTimer),this.off(e,"resize",this._handlers.onThrottledResize));for(var s in this._plugins)this._plugins[s].destroy();this.$stage.children(".cloned").remove(),this.$stage.unwrap(),this.$stage.children().contents().unwrap(),this.$stage.children().unwrap(),this.$element.removeClass(this.options.refreshClass).removeClass(this.options.loadingClass).removeClass(this.options.loadedClass).removeClass(this.options.rtlClass).removeClass(this.options.dragClass).removeClass(this.options.grabClass).attr("class",this.$element.attr("class").replace(new RegExp(this.options.responsiveClass+"-\\S+\\s","g"),"")).removeData("owl.vccarousel")},n.prototype.op=function(t,e,i){var s=this.settings.rtl;switch(e){case"<":return s?t>i:i>t;case">":return s?i>t:t>i;case">=":return s?i>=t:t>=i;case"<=":return s?t>=i:i>=t}},n.prototype.on=function(t,e,i,s){t.addEventListener?t.addEventListener(e,i,s):t.attachEvent&&t.attachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.off=function(t,e,i,s){t.removeEventListener?t.removeEventListener(e,i,s):t.detachEvent&&t.detachEvent("on"+e,i)},n.prototype.trigger=function(e,i,s,o,r){var a={item:{count:this._items.length,index:this.current()}},h=t.camelCase(t.grep(["on",e,s],function(t){return t}).join("-").toLowerCase()),l=t.Event([e,"owl",s||"vccarousel"].join(".").toLowerCase(),t.extend({relatedTarget:this},a,i));return this._supress[e]||(t.each(this._plugins,function(t,e){e.onTrigger&&e.onTrigger(l)}),this.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:e}),this.$element.trigger(l),this.settings&&"function"==typeof this.settings[h]&&this.settings[h].call(this,l)),l},n.prototype.enter=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]===s&&(this._states.current[e]=0),this._states.current[e]++},this))},n.prototype.leave=function(e){t.each([e].concat(this._states.tags[e]||[]),t.proxy(function(t,e){this._states.current[e]--},this))},n.prototype.register=function(e){if(e.type===n.Type.Event){if(t.event.special[e.name]||(t.event.special[e.name]={}),!t.event.special[e.name].owl){var i=t.event.special[e.name]._default;t.event.special[e.name]._default=function(t){return!i||!i.apply||t.namespace&&-1!==t.namespace.indexOf("owl")?t.namespace&&t.namespace.indexOf("owl")>-1:i.apply(this,arguments)},t.event.special[e.name].owl=!0}}else e.type===n.Type.State&&(this._states.tags[e.name]?this._states.tags[e.name]=this._states.tags[e.name].concat(e.tags):this._states.tags[e.name]=e.tags,this._states.tags[e.name]=t.grep(this._states.tags[e.name],t.proxy(function(i,s){return t.inArray(i,this._states.tags[e.name])===s},this)))},n.prototype.suppress=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){this._supress[e]=!0},this))},n.prototype.release=function(e){t.each(e,t.proxy(function(t,e){delete this._supress[e]},this))},n.prototype.pointer=function(t){var i={x:null,y:null};return t=t.originalEvent||t||e.event,t=t.touches&&t.touches.length?t.touches[0]:t.changedTouches&&t.changedTouches.length?t.changedTouches[0]:t,t.pageX?(i.x=t.pageX,i.y=t.pageY):(i.x=t.clientX,i.y=t.clientY),i},n.prototype.difference=function(t,e){return{x:t.x-e.x,y:t.y-e.y}},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel=function(e){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1);return this.each(function(){var s=t(this),o=s.data("owl.vccarousel");o||(o=new n(this,"object"==typeof e&&e),s.data("owl.vccarousel",o),t.each(["next","prev","to","destroy","refresh","replace","add","remove"],function(e,i){o.register({type:n.Type.Event,name:i}),o.$element.on(i+".owl.vccarousel.core",t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&t.relatedTarget!==this&&(this.suppress([i]),o[i].apply(this,[].slice.call(arguments,1)),this.release([i]))},o))})),"string"==typeof e&&"_"!==e.charAt(0)&&o[e].apply(o,i)})},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._interval=null,this._visible=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoRefresh&&this.watch()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoRefresh:!0,autoRefreshInterval:500},n.prototype.watch=function(){this._interval||(this._visible=this._core.$element.is(":visible"),this._interval=e.setInterval(t.proxy(this.refresh,this),this._core.settings.autoRefreshInterval))},n.prototype.refresh=function(){this._core.$element.is(":visible")!==this._visible&&(this._visible=!this._visible,this._core.$element.toggleClass("owl-hidden",!this._visible),this._visible&&this._core.invalidate("width")&&this._core.refresh())},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,i;e.clearInterval(this._interval);for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(i in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[i]&&(this[i]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoRefresh=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._loaded=[],this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel change.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace&&this._core.settings&&this._core.settings.lazyLoad&&(e.property&&"position"==e.property.name||"initialized"==e.type))for(var i=this._core.settings,s=i.center&&Math.ceil(i.items/2)||i.items,n=i.center&&-1*s||0,o=(e.property&&e.property.value||this._core.current())+n,r=this._core.clones().length,a=t.proxy(function(t,e){this.load(e)},this);n++-1||(n.each(t.proxy(function(i,s){var n,o=t(s),r=e.devicePixelRatio>1&&o.attr("data-src-retina")||o.attr("data-src");this._core.trigger("load",{element:o,url:r},"lazy"),o.is("img")?o.one("load.owl.lazy",t.proxy(function(){o.css("opacity",1),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this)).attr("src",r):(n=new Image,n.onload=t.proxy(function(){o.css({"background-image":"url("+r+")",opacity:"1"}),this._core.trigger("loaded",{element:o,url:r},"lazy")},this),n.src=r)},this)),this._loaded.push(s.get(0)))},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this.handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this.handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.Lazy=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&this.update()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&"position"==t.property.name&&this.update()},this),"loaded.owl.lazy":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.autoHeight&&t.element.closest("."+this._core.settings.itemClass).index()===this._core.current()&&this.update()},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers)};n.Defaults={autoHeight:!1,autoHeightClass:"owl-height"},n.prototype.update=function(){this._core.$stage.parent().height(this._core.$stage.children().eq(this._core.current()).height()).addClass(this._core.settings.autoHeightClass)},n.prototype.destroy=function(){var t,e;for(t in this._handlers)this._core.$element.off(t,this._handlers[t]);for(e in Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this))"function"!=typeof this[e]&&(this[e]=null)},t.fn.vcOwlCarousel.Constructor.Plugins.AutoHeight=n}(window.Zepto||window.jQuery,window,document),function(t,e,i,s){var n=function(e){this._core=e,this._videos={},this._playing=null,this._handlers={"initialized.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.register({type:"state",name:"playing",tags:["interacting"]})},this),"resize.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.settings.video&&this.isInFullScreen()&&t.preventDefault()},this),"refreshed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&this._core.is("resizing")&&this._core.$stage.find(".cloned .owl-video-frame").remove()},this),"changed.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(t){t.namespace&&"position"===t.property.name&&this._playing&&this.stop()},this),"prepared.owl.vccarousel":t.proxy(function(e){if(e.namespace){var i=t(e.content).find(".owl-video");i.length&&(i.css("display","none"),this.fetch(i,t(e.content)))}},this)},this._core.options=t.extend({},n.Defaults,this._core.options),this._core.$element.on(this._handlers),this._core.$element.on("click.owl.video",".owl-video-play-icon",t.proxy(function(t){this.play(t)},this))};n.Defaults={video:!1,videoHeight:!1,videoWidth:!1},n.prototype.fetch=function(t,e){var i=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")?"vimeo":"youtube",s=t.attr("data-vimeo-id")||t.attr("data-youtube-id"),n=t.attr("data-width")||this._core.settings.videoWidth,o=t.attr("data-height")||this._core.settings.videoHeight,r=t.attr("href");if(!r)throw new Error("Missing video URL.");if(s=r.match(/(http:|https:|)\/\/(player.|www.)?(vimeo\.com|youtu(be\.com|\.be|be\.googleapis\.com))\/(video\/|embed\/|watch\?v=|v\/)?([A-Za-z0-9._%-]*)(\&\S+)?/),s[3].indexOf("youtu")>-1)i="youtube";else{if(!(s[3].indexOf("vimeo")>-1))throw new Error("Video URL not supported.");i="vimeo"}s=s[6],this._videos[r]={type:i,id:s,width:n,height:o},e.attr("data-video",r),this.thumbnail(t,this._videos[r])},n.prototype.thumbnail=function(e,i){var s,n,o,r=i.width&&i.height?'style="width:'+i.width+"px;height:"+i.height+'px;"':"",a=e.find("img"),h="src",l="",c=this._core.settings,p=function(t){n='
',s=c.lazyLoad?'
':'
',e.after(s),e.after(n)};return e.wrap('
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Digital_wallets_transform_shopping_from_online_to_pay_by_mobile_transactions_qui - Metal Cut Production

Digital_wallets_transform_shopping_from_online_to_pay_by_mobile_transactions_qui

Digital wallets transform shopping from online to pay by mobile transactions quickly

The way we conduct transactions has undergone a dramatic shift in recent years, evolving from traditional cash and card payments to the convenience of digital platforms. A significant part of this evolution is the rise of mobile payment technologies, allowing consumers to complete purchases using their smartphones or other mobile devices. This trend has been fueled by the increasing adoption of smartphones, the growing popularity of online shopping, and the demand for faster, more secure, and more convenient payment methods. The ease and accessibility of pay by mobile solutions have made them increasingly attractive to both consumers and businesses alike.

Mobile payment systems aren't limited to simply replicating card transactions on a smaller screen; they often incorporate advanced security features, loyalty programs, and personalized offers. This creates a more engaging and rewarding shopping experience for the user. The impact of this shift extends beyond retail, impacting sectors such as transportation, food service, and even healthcare. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative mobile payment solutions to emerge, further transforming the way we interact with money and conduct commerce. The seamless integration of payments into our daily lives is becoming a reality, and mobile technology is at the forefront of this transformation.

The Evolution of Mobile Payment Technology

The journey of mobile payments began with rudimentary systems like SMS-based payments, where users could send money via text messages. However, these early systems were limited in functionality and security. The real breakthrough came with the development of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, which allows devices to communicate wirelessly over short distances. This paved the way for contactless payments using smartphones and wearable devices. As smartphones became more powerful and internet connectivity more widespread, the stage was set for a new generation of mobile payment apps. Today's mobile payment landscape is incredibly diverse, encompassing a wide range of solutions, from dedicated mobile wallets to in-app payment options and QR code-based systems.

One of the primary drivers behind the growth of mobile payments is the increasing concern over security. Traditional payment methods, like credit cards, are vulnerable to fraud and theft. Mobile payment systems, on the other hand, often employ multiple layers of security, including tokenization, encryption, and biometric authentication. These technologies make it significantly harder for fraudsters to access sensitive financial information. Furthermore, many mobile payment providers offer fraud protection guarantees, giving consumers peace of mind when making purchases. The combination of enhanced security and convenience has been a key factor in driving the adoption of mobile payments worldwide. As technologies like blockchain and distributed ledger technology mature, we can expect even more secure and transparent mobile payment solutions to emerge.

Payment Method Security Features
NFC Tokenization, Encryption
Mobile Wallets (Apple Pay, Google Pay) Biometric Authentication, Device-Specific Tokens
QR Code Payments Encryption, Dynamic QR Codes
SMS Payments Basic Encryption (often limited)

Understanding the core technologies underpinning mobile payments is crucial for appreciating their benefits. Tokenization replaces sensitive card details with a unique digital token, which is used for each transaction. This prevents actual card numbers from being exposed to merchants. Encryption scrambles data, making it unreadable to unauthorized parties. Biometric authentication, such as fingerprint scanning or facial recognition, adds an extra layer of security by verifying the user's identity. These technological safeguards, combined with the convenience of mobile payments, are driving their widespread adoption across various industries.

The Role of Biometric Authentication

Biometric authentication, is increasingly becoming a standard feature in mobile payment systems. Fingerprint scanning, facial recognition, and even voice recognition are now commonly used to verify the user’s identity before authorizing a transaction. This adds a significant layer of security, making it much more difficult for fraudsters to make unauthorized purchases. The convenience of biometric authentication is also a major benefit for users, as it eliminates the need to remember complex passwords or PINs. The accuracy and reliability of biometric technology have improved dramatically in recent years, making it a viable and secure alternative to traditional authentication methods.

Benefits for Consumers and Businesses

The advantages of embracing mobile payment solutions are numerous for both consumers and businesses. For consumers, the benefits include increased convenience, faster checkout times, and enhanced security. Being able to make purchases with a simple tap of a smartphone or a quick scan of a QR code eliminates the need to carry cash or cards, reducing the risk of loss or theft. From a business perspective, accepting mobile payments can lead to increased sales, reduced transaction fees, and improved customer loyalty. Mobile payments can also streamline the checkout process, reducing wait times and improving the overall customer experience. Accepting a wider array of payment methods, including mobile options broadens a business’s reach to a larger customer base.

Furthermore, mobile payments often provide valuable data insights that can help businesses optimize their marketing strategies and personalize the customer experience. By tracking purchase patterns and preferences, businesses can offer targeted promotions and discounts, increasing customer engagement and driving repeat business. The ability to collect and analyze data is a significant advantage in today’s competitive marketplace. Integration with loyalty programs is another key benefit; mobile payments can seamlessly integrate with existing loyalty schemes, rewarding customers and encouraging them to return. Businesses are recognizing that offering a convenient and secure payment experience is essential for attracting and retaining customers.

  • Convenience: Eliminates the need to carry cash or cards.
  • Speed: Faster checkout times compared to traditional methods.
  • Security: Enhanced security features like tokenization and biometric authentication.
  • Data Insights: Provides valuable data for marketing and personalization.
  • Loyalty Integration: Seamless integration with loyalty programs.
  • Wider Reach: Ability to cater to customers who prefer mobile payments.

The data collected through mobile payment systems isn't just useful for marketing; it also has the potential to improve operational efficiency. For example, businesses can use data to identify peak hours and adjust staffing levels accordingly. They can also use data to optimize inventory management and reduce waste. The use of mobile payments can also help businesses reduce their reliance on cash handling, which can be expensive and time-consuming. By automating the payment process, businesses can free up valuable resources and focus on other aspects of their operations.

Addressing Security Concerns and Fraud Prevention

While mobile payments offer numerous benefits, security remains a primary concern for both consumers and businesses. Fraudulent transactions and data breaches are potential risks that need to be addressed. Fortunately, a variety of security measures are in place to mitigate these risks. Tokenization, as mentioned earlier, is a critical security feature that protects sensitive card details. Encryption scrambles data, making it unreadable to unauthorized parties. Multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of identification. And fraud detection systems use sophisticated algorithms to identify and prevent suspicious transactions.

However, security is an ongoing battle, and fraudsters are constantly developing new techniques to circumvent security measures. Therefore, it’s crucial for consumers and businesses to stay vigilant and adopt best practices for security. Consumers should always use strong passwords, keep their mobile devices secure, and be cautious of phishing scams. Businesses should regularly update their security systems, train employees on security awareness, and implement robust fraud prevention measures. Collaboration between payment providers, financial institutions, and law enforcement agencies is also essential for combating fraud and protecting consumers. Education about these threats is paramount to effective mitigation strategies.

  1. Use Strong Passwords: Create unique and complex passwords for your mobile payment accounts.
  2. Keep Devices Secure: Protect your mobile device with a passcode or biometric authentication.
  3. Be Wary of Phishing: Beware of suspicious emails or text messages asking for personal information.
  4. Monitor Transactions: Regularly review your mobile payment statements for any unauthorized activity.
  5. Report Fraud Immediately: If you suspect fraud, report it to your payment provider and financial institution immediately.
  6. Update Software: Keep your mobile operating system and payment apps updated to benefit from the latest security patches.

The implementation of EMV chip technology in cards, combined with mobile payment security measures, has significantly reduced card-present fraud. However, card-not-present fraud – fraud involving online or mobile transactions where the card is not physically present – remains a challenge. Techniques like address verification service (AVS) and card verification value (CVV) are used to verify the cardholder’s identity, but fraudsters are constantly finding ways to bypass these measures. The development of more advanced fraud detection algorithms and the adoption of biometric authentication are key to combating card-not-present fraud.

The Future of Mobile Payments

The future of mobile payments is likely to be even more integrated, seamless, and secure. We can expect to see the continued growth of mobile wallets, the adoption of new technologies like blockchain, and the emergence of innovative payment solutions. Biometric authentication will become even more prevalent, offering a convenient and secure way to verify transactions. The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) will also play a role, allowing consumers to make payments through connected devices like smartwatches, smart speakers, and even appliances. The concept of ‘invisible payments’ – where transactions occur automatically without any explicit action from the user – is also gaining traction.

Consider the integration of mobile payments into augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) environments. Imagine being able to virtually ‘try on’ clothes or ‘walk through’ a furniture showroom and then make a purchase directly from within the AR/VR experience. This level of immersive commerce has the potential to revolutionize the way we shop. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) will enable more personalized and targeted payment experiences. AI-powered chatbots will be able to assist consumers with payments, provide recommendations, and resolve issues in real-time. The possibilities are endless, and the future of mobile payments is brimming with innovation and potential.

Expanding Accessibility and Financial Inclusion

Beyond convenience and innovation, mobile payment solutions offer a significant opportunity to expand financial inclusion, particularly for underserved populations. Millions of people around the world lack access to traditional banking services, often due to geographic constraints, lack of identification, or high fees. Mobile payments can provide these individuals with a secure and affordable way to manage their money, make transactions, and participate in the formal economy. By leveraging the widespread availability of mobile phones, mobile payment providers can reach individuals in remote areas and provide them with access to financial services they wouldn’t otherwise have. This access can empower these individuals to start businesses, save for the future, and improve their overall economic well-being.

Government initiatives and public-private partnerships are also playing a role in promoting financial inclusion through mobile payments. In many countries, governments are using mobile payments to disburse social welfare benefits, such as unemployment payments or healthcare subsidies. This ensures that these benefits reach the intended recipients quickly and efficiently. Mobile payment providers are also working with microfinance institutions to provide access to credit and other financial services to small businesses and entrepreneurs. The democratization of financial services through mobile technology is a powerful trend that has the potential to transform lives and communities around the world. Addressing the digital divide and ensuring equitable access to mobile technology are crucial for realizing the full potential of this transformative technology.